Ko ngā tikanga hanga mō ngā wairewa tauhohenga acrylate ko te whakaesterītanga tika, te whakaesterītanga transesterītanga, te tikanga waikawa pūhaumāota, te whakaterenga whakawhiti-āhua, me te whakaesterītanga tāpiri. Heoi, ko te nuinga ka whakaputaina mā te whakaesterītanga tika.
(1) Te Whakapūtanga Tika o te Esterification
CH₂=CHCOOH + ROH -catalyst→ CH₂=CHCOOR + H₂O
Ko ngā whakakōkī e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakakōkī tika ko te waikawa whanariki kukū, te waikawa p-toluenesulfonic, me te waikawa methanesulfonic. Mā te whakamahi i te waikawa whanariki kukū hei whakakōkī whakakōkī, ka puta he tauhohenga taha pēnei i te maroke, te waikura, me te whakakōkī-ake o ngā matū tauhohenga. Ka puta he maha ngā hua taha, ka uaua te purenga o te hua me te whakaora rauemi mata, ka whakararuraru i ngā tukanga whai muri i te maimoatanga, ā, ka whakararu i te kounga o te hua i te wā e waikura ana ngā taputapu. Nō reira, ko te PTSA te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakaputanga ahumahi o nāianei nā ōna painga, tae atu ki ngā whakaritenga horopeta iti, ngā pāmahana tauhohenga iti, ngā reiti tahuritanga teitei, me te kounga hua pai ake. Kia oti te tauhohenga, ka taea te wehe ngāwari i te whakakōkī mai i te hua, ka māmā ake te rere o te tukanga. Ka tangohia te wai i puta i te wā o te tauhohenga whakahāngai mā te whakamahi i tētahi kaiwhakarewa azeotropic (he kaihopu whakamaroke). Ko ngā kaiwhakarewa noa ko te benzene, te toluene, te xylene, te cyclohexane, me te n-heptane, e hanga ana i ngā azeotropes me te wai tauhohenga hei kawe atu. He utu nui ngā alkane, ā, he tino pōturi; he teitei te ira kohua o te xylene; he iti te ira kohua o te benzene, ā, he nui te pōturi, he uaua ki te whakaora, ā, he nui te paitini. Nō reira, ko te toluene te mea e pai ana hei kaiwhakarewa. Ko te ira kohua o te toluene he 110°C, ā, ko te ira kohua azeotropic wai-toluene he 84°C; ka ngāwari te whakapūmau i te wā e tangohia ana te whakarewa whakakore korehau, e whakarite ana i te tere whakaora teitei, he iti ake te paitini i te benzene, ā, he utu ōhanga. Heoi, i ngā tau tata nei, nā ngā here ture mō ngā whakarewa raupapa-benzene i roto i ngā paninga, waituhi, me ngā piri kua akiaki i te tini o ngā kaihanga ki te whakakore i te toluene hei whakakapi i ngā kaiwhakarewa e hangai ana ki te alkane. Me whakauru ngā aukati polymerization i te wā o te tukanga esterification hei ārai i te polymerization wawe o te monomer waikawa acrylic me te hua acrylate. Ko ngā aukati e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā matū phenolic (pēnei i te hydroquinone [HQ] me te tert-butylhydroquinone [TBHQ]), ngā matū amine (pēnei i te phenothiazine me te p-phenylenediamine), me ngā matatini copper combination (pēnei i te copper dimethyldiethyldithiocarbamate me te copper dibutyl dithiocarbamate), ka whakamahia takitahi, ka whakamahia rānei hei ranunga. Mō ngā acrylates alkyl teitei ake, ka taea te whakamahi i te esterification rewa. Mā tēnei tikanga ka kore e hiahiatia he entrainer, ā, ka whakaitihia te horopeta e hiahiatia ana o ngā catalysts me ngā inhibitors. Whai muri i te tauhohenga reflux i te 110–120°C, ka mahia te whakamaroke, ā, ko te waikawa acrylic kāore i tauhohe me te wai toenga ka tangohia mā te whakakorenga korehau, ka puta he acrylates alkyl teitei ake me te parakore teitei me ngā hua teitei.
(2) Te Whakapūtanga Whakawhitinga-ester
CH₂=CHCOOCH₃ + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + CH₃OH
I te wā e whakarite ana i ngā acrylates alkyl teitei ake, i ngā acrylates mahi rānei mā te transesterification, ko te methyl acrylate te mea e whiriwhiria ana hei rauemi tīmatanga mō te alkyl ester iti iho. Nā te iti o te kohua (80°C), me whakahaere te esterification i ngā pāmahana iti iho, ka roa ake te wā tauhohenga. Hei tāpiri, ka hangaia e te hua taha methanol he azeotrope me te methyl acrylate (te kohua 62–63°C), e kawe ana i te methyl acrylate tauhohenga, ā, nō reira ka whakaitihia te hua o te ester teitei ake e hiahiatia ana. He tino ngāwari te methyl acrylate me te homopolymerization o ngā acrylates teitei ake ki te methyl acrylates, ka whakaitihia ake te hua o ngā acrylates teitei ake; nō reira, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te whakanui ake i ngā horopeta o ngā aukati. Nā te whakaaro ki te utu me te uaua o muri i te maimoatanga, kāore tēnei tikanga e whakamahia ana i te taha hokohoko mō te hanga o ngā acrylates alkyl teitei ake me ngā acrylates mahi.
(3) Tikanga Waikawa Pūhaumāota
CH₂=CHCOOH + SOCl₂ → CH₂=CHCOCl + HCl + CO₂
CH₂=CHCOCl + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + HCl
Ka tauhohe tuatahi tēnei tikanga i te waikawa kiriaku me te thionyl chloride hei hanga i te acryloyl chloride, kātahi ka pāngia e te tauhohenga esterification me te waipiro. Kāore e hiahiatia he whakakorikori, he whakauru rānei. Nā te mea ka haere tonu te tauhohenga i ngā pāmahana iti, ka karohia hoki te tāpiri i ngā aukati polymerization. Ka haere tonu te esterification tata tonu, ka puta he parakore tino pai o te hua. Heoi, he tukanga e rua-taahiraa me ngā utu whakaputa teitei. Ka puta he nui o ngā hau HCl me SO₂ i te tauhohenga, me te hiahia ki ngā pūnaha horoi maha-wāhanga me ngā otinga kawakore waimeha me te wai hei mimiti.
(4) Te Whakaoho Whakawhiti-Wāhanga (PTC)
2CH₂=CH₃|C-COOH + Na₂CO₃ → 2CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + ClCH₂-CH₂O → CH₂=CH₃|C-COOCH₂-CH₂O + NaCl
He totoka te konutai methacrylate, engari he wai te epichlorohydrin. Mēnā kāore he whakakorikori, he puhoi rawa te tauhohenga i waenganui i a rāua, ā, me whakamahi he whakakorikori whakawhiti-āhuatanga (PTC). Ko ngā whakakorikori whakawhiti-āhuatanga e tika ana ko ngā tote ammonium quaternary, ngā tote phosphonium quaternary, me ngā ether karauna. Ko ngā tote ammonium quaternary ngā mea tino kitea, pērā i te cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), te benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), me te tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). Ka puta ngā tauhohenga taha i te aroaro o te makuku i roto i te pūnaha tauhohenga; nō reira, kia pai ai te hua, me pupuri kia kore wai, kia maroke hoki ngā rauemi mata me te pūnaha tauhohenga.
(5) Te Whakapūtanga Tāpiri
CH₂=R₁|C-COOH + CH₂-CH₂O-R₂ → CH₂=R₁|C-COO-CH₂-OH|CH₂-R₂
Mā te whakauru tika i te ethylene oxide, te propylene oxide rānei ki roto i te waikawa (meth)acrylic i te aroaro o tētahi whakakorikori, ka puta he tāpiringa esterification whakatuwhera-mowhiti, ka hangaia ai ngā hydroxy (meth)acrylates (pērā i te HEA, HEMA, HPA, HPMA rānei). 
Wā tuku: Pipiri-10-2026
