Ngā Oligomer Mahi Motuhake

1.Ngā Oligomer Whakaora-Rua

Mena kei roto i tētahi oligomer ngā momo rōpū mahi hohe e rua hei whakamaroke, pērā i tētahi rōpū acrylate ka taea te whakamaroke i ngā rauropi kore utu, me tētahi atu rōpū ka taea te whakamaroke whakaahua cationic, te whakamaroke makuku, te whakamaroke hydroxyl, te whakamaroke wera rānei, ka kiia tēnei he oligomer whakamaroke-rua.

Mā te whakamahi i te kapia epoxy bisphenol A me te waikawa kiriaku i roto i te tauhohenga whakapūtanga mowhiti [rōpū epoxy: rōpū carboxyl = (1.5 ~ 2.0): 1, ōwehenga molar], ka hangaia he kapia epoxy acrylate kei roto ngā rōpū epoxy. Ka taea e ngā rōpū kiriaku te whai i te polymerization radical-free, ko ngā rōpū epoxy ia ka taea te whai i te photopolymerization cationic, te whakamaroke wera rānei. E whakaatu ana ngā hua rangahau he taunekeneke intramolecular i waenga i ēnei rōpū mahi e rua, ka taea te whakatairanga i te ahunga whakamua o te photopolymerization radical-free me te cationic, ka whakapai ake i te tere tauhohenga me te tere tahuritanga whakamutunga, me te whakaiti nui i te aukati hāora. Ko te kiriata whakamaroke i hangaia e ngā oligomers whakamaroke-rua he pai ake ngā āhuatanga miihini.

Mā te tauhohenga o te hexamethylene diisocyanate ki te N,N-bis(3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), ā, muri iho ko te tauhohenga ki te hydroxyethyl acrylate, ka taea te whakarite i tētahi polyurethane acrylate momo-siloxane me ngā āhuatanga whakaora-rua mō te whakaora-kore-raruraru me te whakaora-makuku. Ka taea tēnei te whakamahi i roto i ngā paninga conformal ka taea te whakaora-whakaahua.

Mā te hanganga o ngā kapia phenolic epoxy acrylate kei roto ngā rōpū epoxy ka puta he rauemi me ngā mahi whakaora-rua mō te whakaora i ngā rauropi kore utu me te whakaora i te wera, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā ātete tūhono whakaahua-whakaahua.

2.Ngā Oligomer e Tīmata Whaiaro ana

E rua ngā momo oligomer me ā rātou mahi tīmata-ake:

1. Kei te oligomer tonu te kaha ki te whakaoho whakaahua, nō reira he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he mea anō e hiahiatia ana kia tāpirihia he whakaoho whakaahua ki te whakatakotoranga.
2. Ka whakauruhia he rōpū whakaoho whakaahua ki roto i te oligomer, ka huri hei whakaoho whakaahua macromolecular e mahi ana hei oligomer me te whakaoho whakaahua hoki i roto i te whakatakotoranga.

Ko te momo tuatahi o te oligomer whakaoho-ake he hua hou i whakawhanakehia e te kamupene Amerikana a Ashland. Ka whakaritea mā te tauhohenga tāpiritanga Michael i waenga i ngā esters acrylate maha-mahi me ngā β-ketoesters (pērā i te ethyl acetoacetate, allyl acetoacetate, me te 2-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate). Ko te waro methylene hohe i roto i te β-ketoester ka hanga he hononga covalent hou me te waro whakamutunga o te hononga takirua waro-waro o te acrylate. Ko te rōpū carbonyl i roto i te β-ketoester e honoa ana ki te ngota waro kua whakakapia katoatia. Kāore tēnei hononga i te pumau i raro i te mārama ultraviolet. I muri i te mimiti i te mārama UV, ka ngawari te pakaru, ka puta he rauropi kore acetyl me tētahi atu rauropi kore macromolecular, ā, ka whakaratohia he kaha whakaoho-ake.

Nō reira, i roto i ngā paninga UV, waituhi, me ngā piripiri i hangaia ki ngā oligomer whakaoho-ake, he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he tāpiringa photoinitiator e hiahiatia ana. Mā tēnei ka karohia ngā raruraru pēnei i te haunga, te kōwhai, te uaua ki te whakaranu, te ua, te hekenga, me te utu nui e pā ana ki te tāpiri i ngā photoinitiator tuku iho.

Ka taea hoki te whakarite i ngā oligomer e tīmata-ake ana mā roto i ngā tauhohenga i waenga i ngā momo ester acrylate me ngā momo kaituku Michael, ka hanga he raupapa hua.

Ko ngā momo akirirata ko: akirirata, akirirata epoxy, akirirata polyurethane, akirirata polyester, akirirata silicone, akirirata melamine, akirirata perfluoroakirirata, fumarate, me te maleate. Ko ngā kaituku akirirata ko: β-ketoesters, β-diketones, β-ketoamides, β-ketoanilides, me ētahi atu. Ko te rōpū R' i roto i te kaituku akirirata he rōpū mahi, he rōpū whakaora-rua rānei.

Ko te momo tuarua o te oligomer whakaoho-ake ka whakaritea mā te tauhohe i ngā kaiwhakaoho whakaahua kei roto he hydroxyl (pēnei i te benzoin, 1173, 184, 2959) me ngā oligomer kei roto ngā rōpū isocyanate, ā, mā te hono i te kaiwhakaoho whakaahua ki te oligomer hei hanga i tētahi kaiwhakaoho whakaahua macromolecular me tētahi rōpū whakaoho kua hangaia ki roto.

Ngā painga o ngā oligomer photoinitiator kua whakapirihia:

1. He tata te tere o te whakamaroke whakaahua ki tērā o ngā oligomer tikanga i honoa ki ngā kaiwhakaoho whakaahua ngota-iti.
2. He pai te hototahi ki te pūnaha.
3. Ka tino whakaiti i te kaha hekenga o te kaiwhakaahua.
4. Ka whakaiti i te whakaputanga o ngā hua pirau whakaahua kino mai i te kaiwhakaoho whakaahua (pērā i te benzaldehyde).
5. Kāore he paitini o te kaiwhakaahua, kāore hoki he kino, nō reira he pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā paninga me ngā mangumangu mō ngā takai kai.

E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ka tino whakaitihia e ngā hua tauhohenga honohono o ngā kaiwhakaoho whakaahua te kaha o te hekenga me te kaha tango o ngā kongakonga kaiwhakaoho, ā, ka tino whakaitihia hoki te nui o te benzaldehyde i hangaia i roto i te kiriata kua rongoatia. Nō reira, ko te honohono i ngā kaiwhakaoho whakaahua ki ngā oligomer ka hangaia he akomanga o ngā kaiwhakaoho whakaahua macromolecular kāore e paitini, kāore hoki e kino. Ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā paninga me ngā waituhi mō ngā takai kai me ngā rongoā. I te tau 2006, i kī te US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ka taea te whakamahi i ngā paninga UV me ngā waituhi i hangaia mā te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakaoho whakaahua macromolecular ki te tānga takai kai me te rongoā, ka tino whakarerekē i te mahi o mua i kore ai e taea te whakamahi i ngā waituhi UV me ngā paninga mō ngā takai kai me ngā rongoā, ā, ka whakatuwhera i tētahi mara hou mō ngā tono waituhi UV me te paninga.

3.Ngā Oligomer Iti-Matotoru

I te mutunga o te rautau 20, i puta mai tētahi hangarau hou mō ngā rauemi ka taea te whakaora whakaahua — te tānga waituhi UV. Ko te tā waituhi he tikanga tā kore-pā, kāore e hiahiatia he pereti tā. Ka hangaia he whakaahua mā te maka i ngā pata waituhi ki runga i tētahi papa. Mā te whakatika i ngā whakairoiro me ngā tuhinga mā te rorohiko me te whakahaere i te pane tā kia makahia ngā pata waituhi me te tika, he tukanga whakaahua matihiko katoa. Koinei tētahi o ngā tikanga whakaahua matihiko e tere haere ana te whanaketanga i tēnei wā, e tuku ana i ngā painga o te tā i runga i te tono, te tere tere, te kounga teitei, me ngā tae kanapa.

Ko te waituhi waituhi UV te mea matua e whakamahia ana mō te tānga waituhi UV, e hiahia ana kia iti te matotoru o te waituhi, kia tere te whakamaroke, kia pumau te tae, ā, kia kore e whakatōtō.