He hangarau rama whakamaroke UV motuhake te kohu mercury, te diode emitting light (LED), me te excimer. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana ēnei e toru i roto i ngā tukanga photopolymerization rerekē hei hono i ngā waituhi, ngā paninga, ngā piripiri, me ngā extrusions, he tino rerekē ngā tikanga e whakaputa ana i te pūngao UV i tukuna, me ngā āhuatanga o te putanga spectral e rite ana. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga i roto i te whanaketanga tono me te whakatakotoranga, te kōwhiringa pūtake whakamaroke UV, me te whakaurunga.
Ngā Rama Kohu Mercury
Kei roto i te kāwai kohu mercury ngā rama pewa hiko me ngā rama ngaruiti kore-hiko. Ko ngā rama kohu mercury he momo rama pēhanga-waenga, he rama tuku hau e mimiti ana he iti noa te mercury taketake me te hau kore-mahi ki roto i te plasma i roto i te ngongo quartz hiri. Ko te plasma he hau ionized pāmahana tino teitei ka taea te kawe hiko. Ka whakaputaina mā te whakamahi i te ngaohiko hiko i waenga i ngā electrodes e rua i roto i te rama pewa, mā te ngaruiti rānei i te rama kore-hiko i roto i te pouaka, i te kōhao rānei he rite te ariā ki te oumu ngaruiti whare. Kia mimitia, ka tukuna e te plasma mercury te mārama whānui puta noa i ngā roangaru ultraviolet, e kitea ana, me te infrared.
Mō te rama pewa hiko, ka whakakahangia te ngongo kuata hiri e te ngaohiko e whakamahia ana. Ka mimiti te mercury ki roto i te plasma, ka tukuna ngā irahiko mai i ngā ngota mimiti. Ka rere tetahi wāhanga o ngā irahiko (-) ki te irahiko tungsten pai, ki te anode rānei (+) o te rama, ki roto hoki i te ara iahiko hiko o te pūnaha UV. Ka huri ngā ngota me ngā irahiko hou hei kationa whakakaha pai (+) e rere ana ki te irahiko tungsten kino, ki te katote rānei (-) o te rama. I a rātou e neke ana, ka pā ngā kationa ki ngā ngota kūpapa i roto i te ranunga hau. Ka whakawhitihia e te pānga ngā irahiko mai i ngā ngota kūpapa ki ngā kationa. I te whiwhinga i ngā irahiko e ngā kationa, ka heke iho rātou ki te āhua o te kaha iti iho. Ka tukuna te rerekētanga kaha hei photon e whiti ana ki waho mai i te ngongo kuata. Ki te mea he pai te whakakaha o te rama, he tika te whakamatao, ā, he pai te whakahaere i roto i tōna oranga whai hua, ka totoro tonu te tukunga o ngā kationa hou (+) ki te irahiko kino, ki te katote rānei (-), ka pā ki ētahi atu ngota, ka whakaputa tonu i te tukunga o te mārama UV. He rite tonu te mahi a ngā rama ngaruiti engari ko ngā ngaruiti, e mōhiotia ana ko te auau reo irirangi (RF), ka whakakapi i te ara iahiko hiko. Nā te mea kāore he irahiko tungsten o ngā rama ngaruiti, ā, he ngongo kuata hiri noa iho kei roto te mercury me te hau kore e mahi, e kiia ana he kore hiko.
Ko te putanga UV o ngā rama kohu mercury whānui, whānui rānei, e horapa ana ki ngā roangaru ultraviolet, e kitea ana, me te infrared, i te ōwehenga ōrite. Kei roto i te wāhanga ultraviolet he ranunga o ngā roangaru UVC (200 ki te 280 nm), UVB (280 ki te 315 nm), UVA (315 ki te 400 nm), me UVV (400 ki te 450 nm). Ko ngā rama e tuku ana i te UVC i ngā roangaru i raro i te 240 nm ka whakaputa i te ozone, ā, me whakaputa te hau, me tātari rānei.
Ka taea te whakarerekē i te putanga hihi mō te rama kohu mercury mā te tāpiri i ngā iti o ngā tāpiringa, pērā i: te rino (Fe), te kariuma (Ga), te mata (Pb), te tine (Sn), te bismuth (Bi), te indium rānei (In). Ka whakarerekē ngā konganuku tāpirihia i te hanganga o te plasma, ā, nō reira, ka whakarerekē i te pūngao e tukuna ana ina whiwhi ngā kationa irahiko. Ko ngā rama kua tāpirihia he konganuku kua tāpirihia ka kiia he mea tāpiri, he mea tāpiri, he mea whakarewa halide. Ko te nuinga o ngā waituhi, ngā paninga, ngā piripiri, me ngā mea whakaputa UV-hangaia he mea hanga kia rite ki te putanga o ngā rama paerewa kua tāpirihia te mercury- (Hg) me te rino- (Fe). Ka nekehia e ngā rama kua tāpirihia te rino tetahi wāhanga o te putanga UV ki ngā roangaru roa ake, tata kitea, e hua ake ai he urunga pai ake mā roto i ngā hanganga matotoru ake, he nui te tae. Ko ngā hanganga UV kei roto te titanium dioxide ka pai ake te whakamaroke me ngā rama kua tāpirihia te kariuma (GA). Nā te mea ka nekehia e ngā rama kariuma tetahi wāhanga nui o te putanga UV ki ngā roangaru roa atu i te 380 nm. I te mea kāore e mimitihia e ngā tāpiringa titanium dioxide te mārama i runga ake i te 380 nm, mā te whakamahi i ngā rama gallium me ngā hanganga mā ka nui ake te pūngao UV ka mimitihia e ngā photoinitiators, kaua ki ngā tāpiringa.
Mā ngā kōtaha hihi ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro me ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga te whakaatu i te tohatoha o te putanga hihi mō tētahi hoahoa rama motuhake puta noa i te hihi hikohiko. Ahakoa he āhuatanga hihi kua tautuhia te konutea mimiti me ngā konganuku tāpiri, ko te ranunga tika o ngā huānga me ngā hau kore mahi i roto i te ngongo quartz me te hanganga rama me te hoahoa pūnaha whakamaroke ka pā ki te putanga UV. Ko te putanga hihi o tētahi rama kore-whakauru e whakakahangia ana, e inehia ana e tētahi kaiwhakarato rama i te rangi tuwhera ka rerekē te putanga hihi i tētahi rama e whakanohoia ana i roto i te pane rama me te whakaata me te whakamatao kua hoahoatia tika. Kei te wātea ngā kōtaha hihi mai i ngā kaiwhakarato pūnaha UV, ā, he whai hua i roto i te whakawhanaketanga whakatakotoranga me te kōwhiringa rama.
Ka whakaatuhia e te kōtaha hihi-ā-ira noa te hihi-ā-ira ki te tuaka-y me te roanga ngaru ki te tuaka-x. Ka taea te whakaatu i te hihi-ā-ira i roto i ngā huarahi maha, tae atu ki te uara tino (hei tauira, W/cm2/nm) me ngā inenga ā-wāhanga, ā-whakatairanga, ā-whakataurite rānei (kāore he waeine). E whakaatu ana ngā kōtaha i ngā mōhiohio hei tūtohi rārangi, hei tūtohi pae rānei e whakarōpū ana i te putanga ki ngā roopu 10 nm. E whakaatu ana te kauwhata putanga hihi-ā-ira rama pewa mercury e whai ake nei i te hihi-ā-ira e pā ana ki te roanga ngaru mō ngā pūnaha a GEW (Pikitia 1).
PIKITIA 1 »Ngā tūtohi putanga āwhata mō te konukōre me te rino.
Ko te rama te kupu e whakamahia ana mō te ngongo kuata e whakaputa ana i te UV i Ūropi me Āhia, ko te nuinga ia o Amerika ki te Raki me Amerika ki te Tonga e whakamahi ana i te ranunga o te pūangi me te rama hei whakawhiti. Ko te rama me te pane rama e pā ana ki te huihuinga katoa e pupuri ana i te ngongo kuata me ngā wāhanga miihini me te hiko katoa.
Ngā Rama Āwhata Hiko
Ko ngā pūnaha rama pewa hikohiko he pane rama, he pā whakamatao, he pouaka whakamatao rānei, he pūtake hiko, me te atanga tangata-mīhini (HMI). Kei roto i te pane rama he rama (porowhita), he whakaata, he anga whakarewa, he whare rānei, he huihuinga kati, ā, i ētahi wā he matapihi kuata, he tiaki waea rānei. Ka whakairihia e GEW āna ngongo kuata, āna whakaata, me āna tikanga kati ki roto i ngā huihuinga rīpene ka taea te tango ngāwari mai i te anga pane rama o waho, i te whare rānei. Ko te tango i te rīpene GEW ka oti i roto i ngā hēkona mā te whakamahi i tētahi kī Allen kotahi. Nā te mea he rerekē te putanga UV, te rahi me te āhua o te pane rama whānui, ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha, me ngā hiahia taputapu tāpiri i runga i te tono me te mākete, ko ngā pūnaha rama pewa hikohiko he mea hanga mō tētahi kāwai tono, mō ngā momo mīhini rite rānei.
Ka tukuna e ngā rama kohu mercury te mārama 360° mai i te ngongo quartz. Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha rama āwhata ngā whakaata kei ngā taha me muri o te rama hei hopu me te arotahi i te mārama ki tētahi tawhiti kua tohua i mua i te pane o te rama. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tawhiti ko te arotahi, ā, koinei te wāhi e nui rawa atu ai te hihi. Ko ngā rama āwhata ka tukuna i te nuinga o te wā i waenga i te 5 ki te 12 W/cm2 i te arotahi. I te mea e 70% o te putanga UV mai i te pane o te rama e ahu mai ana i te whakaata, he mea nui kia noho ma tonu ngā whakaata, kia whakakapia hoki i ia wā. Ko te kore horoi, te kore whakakapi rānei i ngā whakaata he mea noa e kore ai e ranea te whakaora.
Neke atu i te 30 tau a GEW e whakapai ake ana i te whai huatanga o āna pūnaha whakamaroke, e whakarite ana i ngā āhuatanga me te putanga kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā tono me ngā mākete motuhake, me te whakawhanake i tētahi kohinga nui o ngā taputapu whakauru. Nō reira, ko ngā tuku arumoni o ēnei rā mai i a GEW kei roto ko ngā hoahoa whare kiato, ngā whakaata kua arotauhia kia nui ake te whakaata UV me te infrared kua whakaitihia, ngā tikanga kati whakauru marino, ngā kākahu tukutuku me ngā mokowā, te whāngai tukutuku anga-paki, te aukati hauota, ngā pane pēhanga pai, te atanga kaiwhakahaere mata-pa, ngā putunga hiko āhua-totoka, te whai huatanga whakahaere nui ake, te aroturuki putanga UV, me te aroturuki pūnaha mamao.
Ina rere ngā rama hiko pēhanga-waenga, kei waenganui i te 600 °C me te 800 °C te pāmahana o te mata o te quartz, ā, he mano ngā nekehanga Celsius te pāmahana o roto o te plasma. Ko te hau ā-kaha te huarahi matua ki te pupuri i te pāmahana tika o te mahi rama me te tango i ētahi o te pūngao infrared kua tukuna. Ka tukuna kinotia tēnei hau e te GEW; ko te tikanga ka kumea te hau mā roto i te anga, i te taha o te whakaata me te rama, ka tukuna atu ki waho o te huihuinga me te matara atu i te mīhini, i te mata whakaora rānei. Ko ētahi pūnaha GEW pēnei i te E4C e whakamahi ana i te whakamatao wai, e āhei ai te putanga UV nui ake, ā, ka whakaiti i te rahi o te pane rama katoa.
He huringa whakamahana me te whakamatao ngā rama pewa hiko. He iti noa te whakamatao o ngā rama. Mā tēnei ka taea e te plasma mercury te piki ki te pāmahana mahi e hiahiatia ana, te whakaputa i ngā irahiko me ngā kationa kore utu, ā, ka taea te rere o te iahiko. Ina whakawetohia te pane o te rama, ka haere tonu te whakamatao mō ētahi meneti hei whakamatao ōrite i te ngongo quartz. Kāore e taea te patu anō i te rama e wera rawa ana, ā, me whakamatao tonu. Ko te roa o te huringa tīmatanga me te whakamatao, me te whakahekenga o ngā irahiko i ia patu ngaohiko te take e whakauruhia tonutia ai ngā tikanga kati hau ki roto i ngā huihuinga rama pewa hiko GEW. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i ngā rama pewa hiko whakamatao-hau (E2C) me te whakamatao-wai (E4C).
PIKITIA 2 »Ngā rama pewa hikohiko whakamatao-wai (E4C) me te whakamatao-hau (E2C).
Ngā Rama UV LED
He rauemi totoka, he tioata ngā haurua-kawe, he āhua kawe hiko. He pai ake te rere o te hiko mā roto i te haurua-kawe i te ārai hiko, engari kāore i te rite te pai ki te kawe hiko whakarewa. Ko ngā haurua-kawe e kitea ana i te ao tūturu engari kāore i te tino whai hua ko ngā huānga silicon, germanium, me te selenium. Ko ngā haurua-kawe i hangaia mō te whakaputa me te whai hua he rauemi whakakotahi me ngā paru kua whakakiia tika ki roto i te hanganga tioata. Mō ngā LED UV, ko te konumohe gallium nitride (AlGaN) he rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
He mea nui ngā haurua-kawe hiko ki ngā hikohiko o ēnei rā, ā, he mea hanga hei hanga i ngā transistors, ngā diodes, ngā diodes emitting light, me ngā micro-processors. Ka whakauruhia ngā taputapu haurua-kawe hiko ki roto i ngā ara iahiko hiko, ā, ka whakanohoia ki roto i ngā hua pēnei i ngā waea pūkoro, ngā pona, ngā papahikohiko, ngā taputapu hiko, ngā waka rererangi, ngā motuka, ngā mana mamao, tae atu ki ngā taonga takaro a ngā tamariki. Mā ēnei wāhanga iti engari kaha ka taea e ngā hua o ia rā te mahi, ā, ka taea hoki e ngā taonga te kiato, te angiangi, te mama, me te utu iti ake.
Mō ngā LED, ka tukuna e ngā rauemi haurua-arataki kua hoahoatia me te hanga kia tino whaiti ngā roangaru mārama ina honoa ki tētahi pūtake hiko DC. Ka puta te mārama ina rere te iahiko mai i te anode pai (+) ki te cathode kino (-) o ia LED. Nā te mea he tere, he ngāwari hoki te whakahaere i te putanga LED, ā, he āhua kotahi te tae, he pai rawa ngā LED hei whakamahi hei: rama tohu; tohu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero infrared; rama whakamārama mō ngā pouaka whakaata, pona, papa, me ngā waea atamai; tohu hiko, papa pānuitanga, me ngā jumbotron; me te whakamaroke UV.
He hononga pai-kino te LED (hononga pn). Ko te tikanga o tēnei, he pai te utu o tētahi wāhanga o te LED, ā, e kiia ana ko te anode (+), ā, he kino te utu o tētahi atu wāhanga, ā, e kiia ana ko te cathode (-). Ahakoa he āhua kawe hiko ngā taha e rua, ko te rohe hononga e tūtaki ai ngā taha e rua, e mōhiotia ana ko te rohe whakaheke hiko, kāore e kawe hiko. Ina honoa te pito pai (+) o te pūtake hiko iahiko tika (DC) ki te anode (+) o te LED, ā, ka honoa te pito kino (-) o te pūtake ki te cathode (-), ka panaia ngā irahiko utu kino i roto i te cathode me ngā irahiko kore utu pai i roto i te anode e te pūtake hiko, ā, ka panaia ki te rohe whakaheke hiko. He pēhanga whakamua tēnei, ā, he pānga ki te wikitoria i te rohe kore-kawe hiko. Ko te mutunga, ka whiti ngā irahiko kore utu i roto i te rohe momo-n, ka whakakī i ngā wāhi kore i roto i te rohe momo-p. I te rere o ngā irahiko puta noa i te rohe, ka huri rātou ki tētahi āhua iti iho te kaha. Ka tukuna te hekenga o te kaha mai i te haurua-kawe hiko hei photons o te mārama.
Ko ngā rauemi me ngā tāpiringa e hanga ana i te hanganga tioata LED e whakatau ana i te putanga hihi. I ēnei rā, ko ngā pūtake whakamaroke LED e wātea ana i te hokohoko he putanga ultraviolet e arotahi ana ki te 365, 385, 395, me te 405 nm, he ātete noa o te ±5 nm, me te tohatoha hihi Gaussian. Ko te nui ake o te hihi hihi tihi (W/cm2/nm), ko te teitei ake o te tihi o te pihi pere. Ahakoa kei te haere tonu te whanaketanga UVC i waenga i te 275 me te 285 nm, kāore anō kia whai hua te putanga, te roa o te ora, te pono, me te utu mō ngā pūnaha me ngā tono whakamaroke.
I te mea ko te putanga UV-LED he roa ake ngā roangaru UVA, kāore te pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED e tuku i te putanga whānui o te hihi e rite ana ki ngā rama kohu mercury pēhanga-waenga. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kāore ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED e tuku i te UVC, UVB, te nuinga o te mārama e kitea ana, me ngā roangaru infrared whakaputa wera. Ahakoa ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED i roto i ngā tono tairongo wera, me whakahou anō ngā waituhi, ngā paninga, me ngā piripiri kua hangaia mō ngā rama mercury pēhanga-waenga mō ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED. He waimarie, kei te piki haere te hoahoa a ngā kaiwhakarato matū i ngā tuku hei whakamaroke takirua. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ko te hanganga whakamaroke takirua e whakaarohia ana hei whakamaroke me te rama UV-LED ka whakamarokehia hoki me te rama kohu mercury (Pikitia 3).
AHUA 3 »Tūtohi putanga āwhata mō te LED.
Ka tukuna e ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED a GEW te 30 W/cm2 i te matapihi whakaputa. Kāore i rite ki ngā rama pewa hiko, kāore ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED e whakauru ana i ngā whakaata e tika ana ngā hihi mārama ki tētahi arotahi kukū. Nō reira, ka tata te hihi o te tihi UV-LED ki te matapihi whakaputa. Ka wehe ngā hihi UV-LED e tukuna ana tetahi i tetahi i te mea ka piki haere te tawhiti i waenga i te pane rama me te mata whakamaroke. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te kukū o te mārama me te nui o te hihi e tae atu ana ki te mata whakamaroke. Ahakoa he mea nui te hihi tihi mō te hononga whakawhiti, kāore i te pai tonu te hihi teitei ake, ā, ka taea hoki te aukati i te nui o te kiato hononga whakawhiti. He mahi nui tā te roanga ngaru (nm), te hihi (W/cm2) me te kiato pūngao (J/cm2) i roto i te whakamaroke, ā, me mārama pai ō rātou pānga ki te whakamaroke i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te pūtake UV-LED.
He pūtake Lambertian ngā rama LED. Arā, ka tukuna e ia rama UV te putanga whakamua ōrite puta noa i te taha katoa o te ao 360° x 180°. He maha ngā rama UV LED, ia rama kei te taha o te mirimita tapawhā, kua whakaritea ki te rarangi kotahi, he matrix o ngā rarangi me ngā pou, i tētahi atu whirihoranga rānei. Ko ēnei huihuinga iti, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā kōwae, ko ngā rarangi rānei, he mea hanga me te mokowā i waenga i ngā rama LED e whakarite ana i te whakaranu puta noa i ngā āputa me te whakahaere i te whakamatao o ngā diode. Kātahi ka whakaritea he maha ngā kōwae, ngā rarangi rānei ki ngā huihuinga nui ake hei hanga i ngā rahi rerekē o ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV (Pikitia 4 me te 5). Ko ētahi atu wāhanga e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED ko te totohu wera, te matapihi whakaputa, ngā taraiwa hiko, ngā puna hiko DC, he pūnaha whakamatao wai, he pouaka whakamatao rānei, me te atanga mīhini tangata (HMI).
AHUA 4 »Te pūnaha LeoLED mō te tukutuku.
AHUA 5 »Pūnaha LeoLED mō ngā tāutanga rama maha-tere-tiketike.
I te mea kāore ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED e tuku i ngā roangaru whero-whero. He iti ake te kaha wera e tukuna ana e rātou ki te mata whakamaroke i ngā rama kohu mercury, engari ehara i te mea me kiia ngā UV LED he hangarau whakamaroke makariri. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED te tuku i ngā hihi tino teitei, ā, he momo kaha ngā roangaru ultraviolet. Ko te putanga kāore e mimitihia e te matū ka wera te wāhanga o raro, te papa rānei me ngā wāhanga mīhini e karapoti ana.
He wāhanga hiko anō hoki ngā UV LED, ā, ko te koretake o te mahi he mea ārahi e te hoahoa me te hanga o te haurua-arataki mata me ngā tikanga hanga me ngā wāhanga e whakamahia ana hei tākai i ngā LED ki roto i te wāhanga whakamaroke nui ake. Ahakoa me pupuri te pāmahana o te ngongo quartz kohu mercury i waenga i te 600 me te 800 °C i te wā e mahi ana, me noho tonu te pāmahana hononga pn LED i raro i te 120 °C. Ko te 35-50% anake o te hiko e whakakaha ana i te huinga UV-LED ka hurihia hei putanga ultraviolet (he tino whakawhirinaki ki te roangaru). Ko te toenga ka hurihia hei wera wera me tango kia mau tonu ai te pāmahana hononga e hiahiatia ana, kia whakarite hoki i te hihi o te pūnaha kua tohua, te kiato pūngao, me te ōritetanga, me te roa o te ora. He taputapu totoka roa ngā LED, ā, ko te whakauru i ngā LED ki roto i ngā huihuinga nui ake me ngā pūnaha whakamatao kua hoahoatia me te tiakina tika he mea nui ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga roa o te ora. Ehara i te mea he rite katoa ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV, ā, ko ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED kāore i hoahoatia me te whakamataotia he nui ake te tūponotanga o te wera nui me te hinga kino.
Ngā Rama Ranu Āwhata/LED
I roto i ngā mākete katoa e whakaurua mai ai ngā hangarau hou hei whakakapi mō ngā hangarau o nāianei, ka puta pea te āwangawanga mō te whakaurunga me te ruarua hoki mō te mahi. He maha ngā wā ka whakaroa ngā kaiwhakamahi pea i te whakaurunga kia puta rā anō he turanga tāutanga kua whakapumautia, kia whakaputaina ngā rangahau take, kia tīmata te horapa o ngā whakaaturanga pai, kia whiwhi rānei rātou i ngā wheako tuatahi, i ngā tohutoro rānei mai i ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā kamupene e mōhiotia ana e rātou, e whakawhirinakihia ana e rātou. He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he taunakitanga pakari i mua i te whakarērea katoatia e te mākete te mea tawhito, ā, kia neke katoa ki te mea hou. Kāore e āwhina te mea he mea ngaro tonu ngā kōrero angitu nā te mea kāore ngā kaiwhakamahi wawe e hiahia kia kitea e ngā kaiwhakataetae ngā painga rite. Nō reira, i ētahi wā ka taea e ngā kōrero pono me ngā kōrero whakanui rawa o te pouri te haruru puta noa i te mākete, e huna ana i ngā painga pono o te hangarau hou, ā, ka whakaroa ake i te whakaurunga.
I roto i te hītori, hei ārai i te tango āwangawanga, kua whakamahia pinepinetia ngā hoahoa ranu hei piriti whakawhiti i waenga i ngā hangarau o nāianei me ngā hangarau hou. Mā ngā ranu ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whai māia me te whakatau i a rātou anō me pēhea me te wā e whakamahia ai ngā hua hou, ngā tikanga hou rānei, me te kore e whakaiti i ngā āheinga o nāianei. Mō te whakamaroke UV, mā te pūnaha ranu ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakawhiti tere me te ngāwari i waenga i ngā rama kohu mercury me te hangarau LED. Mō ngā raina he maha ngā teihana whakamaroke, mā ngā ranu ka taea e ngā mīhini perehi te whakahaere i te 100% LED, te 100% kohu mercury, te ranunga rānei o ngā hangarau e rua e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi mahi.
Kei a GEW ngā pūnaha ranu arc/LED mō ngā kaitahuri tukutuku. I whakawhanakehia te otinga mō te mākete nui rawa atu a GEW, te tapanga tukutuku whaiti, engari he whakamahinga anō hoki te hoahoa ranu i roto i ētahi atu tono tukutuku me ngā tono kore-tukutuku (Pikitia 6). Kei roto i te arc/LED he whare pane rama noa e taea ai te whakauru i te kohu mercury, i te rīpene LED rānei. Ka whakahaerehia ngā rīpene e rua i runga i te pūnaha mana me te whakahaere whānui. Mā te mātauranga i roto i te pūnaha ka taea te wehewehe i waenga i ngā momo rīpene, ā, ka whakaratohia aunoa te mana, te whakamatao, me te atanga kaiwhakahaere e tika ana. Ko te tango, te tāuta rānei i tētahi o ngā rīpene kohu mercury, LED rānei a GEW ka oti i roto i ngā hēkona mā te whakamahi i tētahi kī Allen kotahi.
AHUA 6 »Pūnaha Arc/LED mō te tukutuku.
Ngā Rama Excimer
Ko ngā rama excimer he momo rama tuku hau e tuku ana i te kaha ultraviolet āhua-kotahi. Ahakoa he maha ngā roangaru e wātea ana ngā rama excimer, ko ngā putanga ultraviolet noa e pokapū ana ki te 172, 222, 308, me te 351 nm. Kei roto i te roopu UV korehau ngā rama excimer 172-nm, ko te 222 nm he UVC anake (200 ki te 280 nm). Ka tukuna e ngā rama excimer 308-nm te UVB (280 ki te 315 nm), ā, ko te 351 nm he UVA tūturu (315 ki te 400 nm).
He poto ake ngā roangaru UV korehau 172-nm, ā, he nui ake te kaha i roto i te UVC; heoi, he uaua ki te uru hohonu ki roto i ngā matū. Inaa, ka mimiti katoatia ngā roangaru 172-nm i roto i te 10 ki te 200 nm o runga o te matū UV-hanganga. Nō reira, ka hono noa ngā rama excimer 172-nm i te mata o waho o ngā hanganga UV, ā, me whakauru tahi me ētahi atu taputapu whakamaroke. Nā te mea ka mimitia hoki ngā roangaru UV korehau e te hau, me whakahaere ngā rama excimer 172-nm i roto i te hau hauota-kore.
Ko te nuinga o ngā rama excimer he ngongo quartz e mahi ana hei ārai dielectric. Kua whakakiia te ngongo ki ngā hau onge ka taea te hanga i ngā ngota excimer, exciplex rānei (Pikitia 7). He rerekē ngā ngota ka puta mai i ngā hau rerekē, ā, ko ngā ngota whakahihiri rerekē e whakatau ana ko ēhea ngā roangaru ka tukuna e te rama. Ka rere te hikohiko ngaohiko-tiketike i te roa o roto o te ngongo quartz, ā, ka rere ngā hikohiko whenua i te roa o waho. Ka pāoroorohia ngā ngaohiko ki roto i te rama i ngā auau teitei. Ka puta te rere o ngā irahiko i roto i te hikohiko o roto, ka tukuna puta noa i te ranunga hau ki ngā hikohiko whenua o waho. E mōhiotia ana tēnei āhuatanga pūtaiao ko te tuku ārai dielectric (DBD). I a ngā irahiko e haere ana i roto i te hau, ka taunekeneke rātou ki ngā ngota, ka hanga i ngā momo whakahihiko, ira-ion rānei e whakaputa ana i ngā ngota excimer, exciplex rānei. He tino poto te roa o te ora o ngā ngota excimer me exciplex, ā, i a rātou e memeha ana mai i te āhua whakahihiri ki te āhua whenua, ka tukuna ngā photon o te tohatoha āhua-monochromatic.
AHUA 7 »Rama Excimer
Kāore i rite ki ngā rama kohu mercury, kāore te mata o te ngongo quartz o te rama excimer e wera. Nō reira, he iti noa te whakamatao o te nuinga o ngā rama excimer. I ētahi atu wā, he iti noa te taumata whakamatao e hiahiatia ana, e whakaratohia ana e te hau hauota. Nā te pumau o te wera o te rama, ka 'WHA/WATE' tonu ngā rama excimer, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he huringa whakamahana, whakamatao rānei.
Ina whakauruhia ngā rama excimer e whiti ana i te 172 nm ki ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UVA-LED āhua-kotahi me ngā rama kohu mercury whānui, ka puta he pānga mata whāriki. Ka whakamahia tuatahitia ngā rama UVA LED hei whakakotahi i te matū. Kātahi ka whakamahia ngā rama excimer āhua-kotahi hei whakakotahi i te mata, ā, hei whakamutunga, ka honoa e ngā rama mercury whānui te toenga o te matū. Ko ngā putanga hiranga ahurei o ngā hangarau e toru e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhanga motuhake ka tukuna he pānga whakamaroke mata whatu me te mahi whai hua e kore e taea te whakatutuki me tētahi o ngā pūtake UV anake.
He whai hua anō hoki ngā roangaru excimer o te 172 me te 222 nm ki te whakangaro i ngā matū rauropi kino me ngā huakita kino, ā, nā tēnei ka whai hua ngā rama excimer mō te horoi mata, te patu huakita, me ngā maimoatanga pūngao mata.
Te Ora o te Rama
Mō te roa o te ora o te rama, o te pōro rānei, ko te roanga o te ora o ngā rama pewa a GEW e 2,000 hāora te roa. Ehara i te mea he mutunga kore te roa o te ora o te rama, nā te mea ka heke haere te putanga o te hihi UV i roto i te wā, ā, ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga maha. He mea nui te hoahoa me te kounga o te rama, tae atu ki te āhua mahi o te pūnaha UV me te kaha o te hanganga. Mā ngā pūnaha UV kua hoahoatia tika ka whakaratohia te mana me te whakamatao tika e hiahiatia ana e te hoahoa rama (pōro) motuhake.
Ko ngā rama (ngā poito) e tukuna ana e te GEW te mea e roa ake ai te ora ina whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamaroke GEW. Ko ngā puna tuku tuarua kua huri i te hanga o te rama mai i te tauira, ā, kāore pea i roto i ngā tārua te hononga pito, te diameter quartz, te ihirangi mercury, te ranunga hau rānei, ka pā katoa ēnei ki te putanga UV me te whakaputa wera. Ina kore te whakaputa wera e taurite ki te whakamatao o te pūnaha, ka pāngia te putanga me te ora o te rama. Ko ngā rama e rere mātao ana ka iti ake te UV e tukuna ana e ngā rama. Ko ngā rama e rere wera ana ka kore e roa te ora, ā, ka piko i ngā pāmahana teitei o te mata.
Ko te roa o te ora o ngā rama pewa hikohiko ka herea e te pāmahana mahi o te rama, te maha o ngā hāora oma, me te maha o ngā tīmatanga, ngā whiunga rānei. Ia wā ka whiua he rama ki te pewa ngaohiko teitei i te wā tīmatanga, ka memeha haere tetahi wāhanga o te hiko tungsten. Ā tōna wā, kāore te rama e whiu anō. Kei roto i ngā rama pewa hikohiko ngā tikanga kati, e aukati ana i te putanga UV ina whakamahia hei huarahi kē atu ki te huri i te mana o te rama. Mā te nui ake o ngā waituhi tauhohe, ngā paninga, me ngā piripiri ka roa ake te ora o te rama; engari, ko ngā hanganga iti ake te tauhohe ka hiahia pea kia nui ake te whakawhiti rama.
He roa ake te ora o ngā pūnaha UV-LED i ngā rama tuku iho, engari kāore hoki i te tino pumau te ora o ngā UV-LED. Pērā i ngā rama tuku iho, he rohe kei ngā UV LED mō te kaha o te taraiwa, ā, me mahi tonu me te pāmahana hononga i raro i te 120 °C. Ka whakararu te ora o ngā LED e tere rawa ana te taraiwa me ngā LED e kore e tino whakamatao, ka tere ake te pirau, ka pakaru kino rānei. Kāore i te katoa o ngā kaiwhakarato pūnaha UV-LED e tuku ana i ngā hoahoa e tutuki ana i ngā roanga ora teitei rawa atu neke atu i te 20,000 hāora. Ko ngā pūnaha kua pai ake te hoahoa me te tiaki ka roa ake i te 20,000 hāora, ā, ko ngā pūnaha ngoikore ka pakaru i roto i ngā wā poto ake. Ko te rongo pai ko te haere tonu o te whakapai ake me te roa o te ora o ngā hoahoa pūnaha LED me ia huringa hoahoa.
Ozon
Ina pāngia ngā ngota hāora (O2) e ngā roangaru UVC poto ake, ka wehea ngā ngota hāora (O2) kia rua ngā ngota hāora (O). Kātahi ka tukinga ngā ngota hāora kore utu (O) ki ētahi atu ngota hāora (O2) ka hanga he ozone (O3). Nā te mea he iti ake te pumau o te trioxygen (O3) i te taumata whenua i te dioxygen (O2), ka hoki wawe te ozone ki te ngota hāora (O2) me te ngota hāora (O) i a ia e rere ana i roto i te hau o te āhuarangi. Kātahi ka honoa anō ngā ngota hāora kore utu (O) ki a rātou anō i roto i te pūnaha whakaputanga hau hei whakaputa i ngā ngota hāora (O2).
Mō ngā whakamahinga whakamaroke UV ā-umanga, ka puta te ozone (O3) ina taunekeneke te hāora o te hau me ngā roangaru ultraviolet i raro i te 240 nm. Ka tukuna e ngā puna whakamaroke kohu mercury whānui te UVC i waenga i te 200 me te 280 nm, e taupoki ana i tētahi wāhanga o te rohe whakaputa ozone, ā, ka tukuna e ngā rama excimer te UV korehau i te 172 nm, te UVC rānei i te 222 nm. He kore pumau te ozone i hangaia e te kohu mercury me ngā rama whakamaroke excimer, ehara i te mea nui ki te taiao, engari me tango atu i te rohe tata e karapoti ana i ngā kaimahi nā te mea he mea whakapataritari manawa, he paitini hoki i ngā taumata tiketike. Mai i te mea ka tukuna e ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV-LED arumoni te putanga UVA i waenga i te 365 me te 405 nm, kāore te ozone e puta.
He rite te kakara o te ozone ki te kakara o te konganuku, te waea e mura ana, te chlorine, me te mura hiko. Ka taea e ngā ira tangata te kite i te ozone mai i te 0.01 ki te 0.03 wāhanga ia miriona (ppm). Ahakoa he rerekē i runga i te tangata me te taumata mahi, ko te nui ake i te 0.4 ppm ka arahi pea ki ngā pānga kino ki te manawa me te mamae o te upoko. Me tāuta he hauhautanga tika ki runga i ngā raina whakamaroke UV hei whakaiti i te pānga o te ozone ki ngā kaimahi.
Ko ngā pūnaha whakamaroke UV he mea hanga whānui hei pupuri i te hau putanga mai i ngā pane o te rama kia taea ai te whakaputa atu i te hau mai i ngā kaiwhakahaere me waho o te whare, ā, ka pirau noa iho i te aroaro o te hāora me te rā. Heoi anō, ko ngā rama kore-ozone he tāpiringa quartz e aukati ana i ngā roangaru whakaputa-ozone, ā, ko ngā whare e hiahia ana ki te karo i te whakaputanga o ngā hau, te tapahi rānei i ngā kōhao i te tuanui, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he tātari i te putanga o ngā pā hau putanga.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-19-2024
