Te Mākete Paninga Moana i Āhia

Ko Āhia te nuinga o te mākete paninga moana o te ao nā te nui o te ahumahi hanga kaipuke i Hapani, Kōrea ki te Tonga me Haina.

Kua riro i ngā whenua Āhia ngā whenua hanga kaipuke rongonui pērā i a Hapani, Kōrea ki te Tonga, Hingaiapore, me Haina hei whakahaere i te mākete paninga moana. I roto i ngā tau 15 kua pahure ake nei, kua whakaratohia e te tipu o te umanga hanga kaipuke i Īnia, i Whitināmu me ngā Piripīni he whai wāhitanga nui mō ngā kaihanga paninga moana. Kei roto i tēnei āhuatanga he tirohanga whānui mō te mākete paninga moana i Āhia.

He Tirohanga Whānui mō te Mākete Paninga Moana i te Rohe o Āhia

E ai ki te whakatau tata, kei te USD$3,100 miriona te uara i te mutunga o te tau 2023, kua puta te mākete paninga moana hei wāhanga iti nui o te umanga peita me te paninga whānui i roto i te tekau tau me te haurua kua hipa.

Ko Āhia te nuinga o te mākete paninga moana o te ao nā te nui o te ahumahi hanga kaipuke i Hapani, Kōrea ki te Tonga.
me Haina. Ko ngā kaipuke hou te 40-45% o te katoa o ngā paninga moana. Ko ngā whakatikatika me ngā tiaki te 50-52% o te katoa o te mākete paninga moana, ko ngā poti whakangahau/waka iti te 3-4% o te mākete.

E ai ki te kōrero i te paraka o mua, ko Āhia te pokapū o te umanga paninga moana o te ao. Ko te nuinga o te mākete kei roto i te rohe, ā, kei reira ngā toa hanga kaipuke kua roa e tū ana, me te maha o ngā whakataetae hou.

Ko te rohe o te Rawhiti Tawhiti – tae atu ki a Haina, Kōrea ki te Tonga, Hapani me Hingaiapore – he rohe kaha i roto i te umanga paninga moana. He pakari ngā ahumahi hanga kaipuke me te hokohoko moana nui o ēnei whenua, e akiaki ana i te tono nui mō ngā paninga moana. E matapaetia ana ka piki haere tonu te tono mō ngā paninga moana i roto i te wā poto me te wā waenga.

I ngā marama tekau mā rua kua pahure ake nei (Hōngongoi 2023 - Hune 2024), i tino piki ake ngā hoko o ngā paninga mō ngā kaipuke hou, nā te whakaoranga o te tono mai i Haina me Kōrea ki te Tonga. I tino piki ake ngā hoko o ngā paninga whakatika kaipuke, nā te pikinga ake o ngā hiahia mō ngā kaipuke hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga CO2, kia tutuki ai ngā ture wahie moana.

He tekau tau te roa o te wā i pau ai te mana o Āhia ki te hanga kaipuke, ā, nō reira, ki ngā paninga moana. I te tekau tau atu i 1960, ka noho a Hapani hei kaha hanga kaipuke o te ao, ko Kōrea ki te Tonga i te tekau tau atu i 1980, ā, ko Haina i te tekau tau atu i 1990.

Ināianei, ko ngā iari mai i Hapani, ko Kōrea ki te Tonga me Haina ngā kaitākaro nui rawa atu i roto i ia o ngā wāhanga mākete nui e whā: ngā kaipuke tāke, ngā kaipuke kawe papatipu, ngā kaipuke ipu me ngā kaipuke takutai moana pērā i ngā papa whakaputa me te rokiroki pōturi me ngā kaipuke whakahou hau LNG.
I ngā wā o mua, he pai ake te hangarau me te pono o Hapani me Kōrea ki te Tonga i tā Haina. Heoi, whai muri i te haumi nui ki tana umanga hanga kaipuke, kua hangaia e Haina ngā kaipuke pai ake i roto i ngā wāhanga uaua ake pēnei i ngā kaipuke ipu nui rawa atu o te 12,000-14,000 waeine ōrite 20-putu (TEU).

Ngā Kaihanga Paninga Moana Matua

Kua tata whakakotahi te mākete paninga moana, me ngā kaitākaro matua pēnei i a Chugoku Marine Paints, Jotun, AkzoNobel, PPG, Hempel, KCC, Kansai, Nippon Paint, me Sherwin-Williams e pupuri ana i te neke atu i te 90% o te wahanga mākete katoa.

Me te tapeke o ngā hoko o tana pakihi moana he 11,853 miriona NOK ($1.13 piriona) i te tau 2023, ko Jotun tētahi o ngā kaihanga nui rawa atu o ngā paninga moana o te ao. Tata ki te 48% o ngā paninga moana a te kamupene i hokona i ngā whenua nui e toru o Āhia – Hapani, Kōrea ki te Tonga me Haina – i te tau 2023.

Ko AkzoNobel tētahi o ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakarato paninga moana nui rawa atu, ā, ko te nui o ngā hokonga o te ao mai i tana pakihi paninga moana he €1,482 miriona i te tau 2023.

I roto i tana pūrongo ā-tau mō te tau 2023, i kī te whakahaere a AkzoNobel, "I kitea anō te pikinga tonu o tā mātou pakihi paninga moana i runga i te kaha o te waitohu, te tohungatanga hangarau me te arotahi ki te pumau. I taua wā tonu, i whakatū anō mātou i tō mātou aroaro ki te mākete moana hou i Āhia, me te arotahi ki ngā kaipuke hangarau, kei reira ā mātou pūnaha Intersleek mahi-teitei e whakarato ana i te rerekētanga tūturu. Ko Intersleek he otinga tukunga paru kore-paitini e whakarato ana i ngā penapena wahie me ngā tukunga mō ngā rangatira me ngā kaiwhakahaere, ā, e āwhina ana ki te tautoko i ngā wawata whakakore waro a te umanga."

I ripoata a Chugkou Paints i te tapeke o ngā hoko o ana hua paninga moana he 101,323 miriona yen ($710 miriona).

Ngā Whenua e Ārahi Ana i te Tono Hou

I mua tata nei, ko Hapani, Kōrea ki te Tonga, me Haina te rangatira o te mākete paninga moana o Āhia, kei te kitea tonu te tono mai i te maha o ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga Rawhiti me Īnia. E matapaetia ana ka puta ake ētahi o ēnei whenua hei pokapū hanga me te whakatika kaipuke nui i roto i te wā waenga me te wā roa.

Ko Vietnam, ko Mareia, ko Philippines, ko Indonesia, me Īnia ngā whenua e tika ana kia whai wāhi nui ki te tipu o te umanga paninga moana i ngā tau e haere ake nei.

Hei tauira, kua whakapuakina te umanga moana o Vietnam hei rāngai matua e te kāwanatanga o Vietnam, ā, kei te ara tika kia noho ko tētahi o ngā pokapū hanga kaipuke me te whakatika kaipuke nui rawa atu i Āhia. E matapaetia ana ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā paninga moana puta noa i ngā kahui kaipuke o roto me tāwāhi e taunga maroke ana ki Vietnam i roto i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei.

"Kua whānui ake tā mātou mahi i Vietnam kia uru atu ai ngā paninga moana," te kī a Ee Soon Hean, te kaiwhakahaere matua o Nippon Paint Vietnam, i whakatū i tētahi turanga hangahanga i Vietnam i te tau 2023. "Ko te tipu tonu o te rāngai moana kei te hua ake te whānui ake o ngā pokapū hanga kaipuke me te whakatika kaipuke nui katoa i te whenua. E ono ngā papa nui i te raki, pērā anō i te tonga, ā, e rua i waenganui o Vietnam. E whakaatu ana ā mātou rangahau e tata ana ki te 4,000 ngā kaipuke e hiahia ana ki ngā paninga, tae atu ki ngā mea hou me ngā tana o nāianei."
Ngā Take Ture me te Taiao hei Whakarei ake i te Hiahia mō te Paninga Moana
E matapaetia ana ko ngā āhuatanga ture me te taiao ka akiaki i te tono me te whakapikinga utu mō te umanga paninga moana i ngā tau e haere ake nei.

E ai ki te International Maritime Organisation (IMO), ko te umanga kawe waka moana te kawenga mō te 3% o ngā tukunga waro o te ao i tēnei wā. Hei ārai i tēnei, kei te akiakihia te umanga e ngā kāwanatanga, ngā kaiwhakahaere o te ao, me te hapori whānui kia whakapai ake i tana mahi.

Kua whakaurua e te IMO he ture e whakawhāiti ana, e whakaiti ana hoki i ngā tukunga ki te rangi me te moana. Mai i te Hanuere 2023, ko ngā kaipuke katoa neke atu i te 5,000 tana taumaha ka arotakengia kia rite ki te Waro Intensity Indicator (CII) a te IMO, e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga paerewa hei tatau i ngā tukunga a ngā kaipuke.

Kua ara ake ngā paninga o te anga hei kaupapa matua mā ngā kamupene kaipuke me ngā kaihanga kaipuke ki te whakaiti i ngā utu wahie me ngā tukunga. Mā te anga ma ka whakaitihia te ātete, ka whakakorea te ngaronga tere, ā, ka tiakina te wahie me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Ko ngā utu wahie te tikanga e tohu ana i waenga i te 50 me te 60% o ngā whakapaunga whakahaere. I te tau 2022, i pūrongo te Kaupapa GloFouling a te IMO ka taea e ngā rangatira te penapena tae atu ki te USD 6.5 miriona mō ia kaipuke i runga i ngā utu wahie i roto i te wā e rima tau mā te whakamahi i te horoinga matawhānui o te anga me te poroporo.