Kua roa ngā tau e whakamahia ana ngā paninga UV-whakaora teitei i roto i te hanga papa, tāonga whare, me ngā kāpata. Mō te nuinga o tēnei wā, ko ngā paninga UV-whakaora 100%-totoka me te whakarewa-pūmua te hangarau matua i te mākete. I ngā tau tata nei, kua tipu haere te hangarau paninga UV-whakaora wai. Kua whakamātauhia ngā kapia UV-whakaora wai hei taputapu whai hua mā ngā kaihanga mō ngā take maha, tae atu ki te tuku i te tae KCMA, te whakamātautau ātete matū, me te whakaiti i ngā VOC. Kia tipu tonu ai tēnei hangarau i roto i tēnei mākete, kua tautuhia he maha ngā taraiwa hei wāhi matua me whakapai ake. Ka nekehia e ēnei ngā kapia UV-whakaora wai ki tua atu i te whai i ngā "mea me whai" e te nuinga o ngā kapia. Ka tīmata rātou ki te tāpiri i ngā āhuatanga whai hua ki te paninga, ka kawe mai i te uara ki ia tūranga i te mekameka uara mai i te kaihanga paninga ki te kaiwhakauru wheketere ki te kaiwhakauru, ā, i te mutunga, ki te rangatira.
Ko te hiahia o ngā kaihanga, inā koa i ēnei rā, he paninga e kore e tutuki noa i ngā whakaritenga. Tērā atu anō ngā āhuatanga e whakarato ana i ngā painga i roto i te hanga, te tākai, me te tāutanga. Ko tētahi āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana ko te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tipu. Mō te paninga wai-tūturu, ko te tikanga he tere ake te tukunga wai me te ātete tere ki te aukati. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana ko te whakapai ake i te pumau o te kapia mō te hopu/whakamahi anō i tētahi paninga, me te whakahaere i ā rātou taonga. Mō te kaiwhakamahi mutunga me te kaiwhakauru, ko ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana ko te ātete pai ake ki te kanapa me te kore he tohu whakarewa i te wā tāutanga.
Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whanaketanga hou o ngā polyurethane UV-whakaora wai e tuku ana i te pumau peita 50 °C kua tino pai ake i roto i ngā paninga mārama, me ngā paninga tae. Ka matapakihia hoki me pēhea te aro o ēnei kapia ki ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana o te taputapu paninga mā te whakanui ake i te tere o te raina mā te tukunga wai tere, te ātete poraka kua pai ake, me te ātete whakarewa i waho o te raina, e whakapai ake ana i te tere mō ngā mahi tāpae me te tākai. Ka whakapai ake hoki tēnei i ngā kino i waho o te raina e puta ana i ētahi wā. Ka matapakihia hoki e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakapainga kua whakaatuhia i roto i te ātete ki te paru me te matū he mea nui ki ngā kaiwhakauru me ngā rangatira.
Papamuri
Kei te whanake haere tonu te āhua o te umanga paninga. Kāore e ranea te "mea nui" o te tuku noa i te whakaritenga i te utu whaitake mō ia miriona kua whakamahia. Kei te tere te huri o te āhua mō ngā paninga i whakamahia i te wheketere ki ngā kāpata, ki ngā hononga, ki ngā papa, me ngā taonga. Kei te tonoa ngā kaihanga paninga e tuku ana i ngā paninga ki ngā wheketere kia haumaru ake te paninga mō ngā kaimahi, kia tangohia ngā matū e tino pāngia ana, kia whakakapia ngā VOC ki te wai, kia iti ake hoki te waro pūmua me te nui ake o te waro koiora. Ko te mea pono, i te roanga o te mekameka uara, kei te tono ia kiritaki kia nui ake te mahi a te paninga i te whakatutuki noa i ngā whakaritenga.
I te kitenga i tētahi whai wāhitanga hei waihanga uara ake mō te wheketere, ka tīmata tā mātou tīma ki te rangahau i te taumata wheketere i ngā wero e pā ana ki ēnei kaitono. Whai muri i ngā uiuinga maha, ka tīmata mātou ki te whakarongo ki ētahi kaupapa noa:
- Ko te whakaae kia arai i aku whāinga whānui kei te aukati i ahau;
- Kei te piki haere ngā utu, ā, kei te heke iho ā mātou tahua whakapaipai;
- Kei te piki haere ngā utu mō te pūngao me ngā utu mō ngā kaimahi;
- Te ngaronga o ngā kaimahi mātau;
- Me tutuki ā mātou whāinga SG&A ā-kamupene, me ērā hoki a taku kiritaki; ā
- Te whakataetae ki tāwāhi.
Nā ēnei kaupapa i hua ake ai ngā kōrero whakatairanga uara i tīmata ai te pārekareka ki ngā kaiwhakamahi o ngā polyurethane UV-whakaora wai, inā koa i roto i te mākete hononga me te kāpata pēnei i te: "kei te rapu ngā kaihanga o ngā hononga me ngā kāpata i ngā whakapainga i te whai huatanga o te wheketere" me te "e hiahia ana ngā kaihanga ki te kaha ki te whakawhānui ake i te whakaputanga i runga i ngā raina whakaputa poto ake me te iti ake o te kino o te mahi anō nā ngā paninga he puhoi te tuku wai."
E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 1 me pēhea, mō te kaihanga o ngā rauemi mata o ngā paninga, te whakapainga i ētahi āhuatanga paninga me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana ka hua ake ai he whai huatanga ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga te whakatutuki.
RIPANGA 1 | Ngā Huanga me ngā Painga.
Mā te hoahoa i ngā PUD ka taea te whakaora i te hihi UV me ētahi āhuatanga e whakarārangihia ana i te Ripanga 1, ka taea e ngā kaihanga whakamahinga mutunga te whakatutuki i ā rātou hiahia mō te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā tipu. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te whakataetae ake, ā, ka taea pea e rātou te whakawhānui ake i te hanga o nāianei.
Ngā Hua Whakamātautau me te Kōrero
Hītori o ngā Mararatanga Polyurethane e Ora Ana i te UV
I ngā tau 1990, ka tīmata te whakamahi i ngā whakamahinga arumoni o ngā whakamararatanga polyurethane anionic kei roto ngā rōpū acrylate e piri ana ki te polymer i roto i ngā tono ahumahi.1 He maha o ēnei tono i roto i ngā takai, i ngā waituhi, me ngā paninga rakau. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 i te hanganga whānui o te PUD ka taea te whakaora i te UV, e whakaatu ana i te hoahoa o ēnei rauemi mata paninga.
PIKITIA 1 | Te tohatoha polyurethane mahi acrylate whānui.3
E ai ki te Pikitia 1, ko ngā marara polyurethane UV-curable (ngā PUD UV-curable), he mea hanga mai i ngā wāhanga noa e whakamahia ana hei hanga marara polyurethane. Ka tauhohehia ngā diisocyanate aliphatic ki ngā esters noa, ngā diols, ngā rōpū hydrophilization, me ngā whakaroa mekameka e whakamahia ana hei hanga marara polyurethane.2 Ko te rerekētanga ko te tāpiri o te acrylate functional ester, epoxy, ethers rānei kua whakauruhia ki te taahiraa pre-polymer i te wā e hanga ana i te marara. Ko te kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei poraka hanga, me te hoahoa polymer me te tukatuka, e whakatau ana i te mahi a te PUD me ngā āhuatanga whakamaroke. Ko ēnei kōwhiringa i roto i ngā rauemi mata me te tukatuka ka arahi ki ngā PUD UV-curable ka taea te hanga kore-kiriata, me ērā hoki e hanga kiriata ana.3 Ko ngā momo hanga kiriata, ngā momo whakamaroke rānei, te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga.
Mā te hanga kiriata, te whakamaroke rānei e kīia ana i ngā wā katoa, ka puta he kiriata whakakotahi e maroke ana ki te pā i mua i te whakamaroke UV. Nā te mea e hiahia ana ngā taputapu ki te whakawhāiti i te paru o te paninga i te hau nā ngā matūriki, me te hiahia hoki ki te tere i roto i tā rātou tukanga whakaputa, ka whakamarokehia ēnei i roto i ngā oumu hei wāhanga o te tukanga tonu i mua i te whakamaroke UV. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i te tukanga whakamaroke me te whakamaroke noa o te PUD ka taea te whakamaroke UV.
PIKITIA 2 | Te tukanga hei whakaora i tētahi PUD ka taea te whakaora e te UV.
Ko te tikanga paninga he rehu. Heoi, kua whakamahia te maripi huri me te paninga waipuke. Kia pania, ka whai i te tukanga e whā ngā taahiraa i mua i te whakamahinga anō.
1. Uira: Ka taea tēnei te mahi i ngā pāmahana rūma, i ngā pāmahana teitei rānei mō ētahi hēkona ki ētahi meneti.
2. Whakamaroke i roto i te oumu: Koinei te wāhi e peia ai te wai me ngā whakarewa-tahi mai i te paninga. He mea nui tēnei taahiraa, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka pau i roto i te tukanga. Ko te tikanga, ko te >140 °F te roa o tēnei taahiraa, ā, tae atu ki te 8 meneti te roa. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā oumu whakamaroke maha-rohe.
- Rama IR me te nekehanga o te hau: Mā te tāutanga o ngā rama IR me ngā pā hau ka tere ake te mura o te wai.
3. Rongoā UV.
4. Whakamatao: Kia maroke, me whakamaroke te paninga mō tētahi wā kia tutuki ai te ātete aukati. Tērā pea ka roa te mahi i tēnei mahi tae atu ki te 10 meneti i mua i te tutuki ai te ātete aukati.
Whakamātautau
I whakaritea e tēnei rangahau ngā PUD e rua ka taea te whakaora i te UV (WB UV), e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā i roto i te mākete kāpata me te mahi whakairo, ki tā mātou whanaketanga hou, PUD # 65215A. I roto i tēnei rangahau ka whakaritea e mātou te Paerewa #1 me te Paerewa #2 ki te PUD #65215A i roto i te whakamaroke, te aukati, me te ātete matū. Ka arotakehia hoki e mātou te pumau o te pH me te pumau matotoru, he mea nui pea ina whakaarohia te whakamahi anō i te rehu nui me te roa o te wā e mau ana. Kei raro nei i te Ripanga 2 ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ia kapia i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau. I hangaia ngā pūnaha e toru ki te taumata photoinitiator, VOC, me te taumata totoka rite. I hangaia ngā kapia e toru ki te 3% co-solvent.
RIPANGA 2 | Ngā āhuatanga o te kapia PUD.
I roto i ā mātou uiuinga, i kīia mai ki a mātou ko te nuinga o ngā paninga WB-UV i roto i ngā mahi whakairo me ngā mahi kāpata ka maroke i runga i te raina whakaputa, e 5-8 meneti te roa i mua i te whakamaroke UV. He rerekē, ko te raina UV e hangai ana ki te whakarewa (SB-UV) ka maroke i roto i te 3-5 meneti. Hei tāpiri, mō tēnei mākete, ko te nuinga o te wā ka pania ngā paninga ki te 4-5 mil makuku. Ko tētahi ngoikoretanga nui mō ngā paninga UV-whakamaroke wai-wai ina whakaritea ki ngā momo whakakapinga UV-whakamaroke ko te wā e pau ana ki te whakakā wai i runga i te raina whakaputa.4 Ka puta ngā hapa kiriata pēnei i te ira mā mena kāore i te tika te whakakā wai mai i te paninga i mua i te whakamaroke UV. Ka puta anō hoki tēnei mena he nui rawa te matotoru o te kiriata mākū. Ka puta ēnei ira mā ina mau te wai i roto i te kiriata i te wā e whakamaroke UV ana.5
Mō tēnei rangahau i whiriwhiria e mātou he kaupapa whakamaroke e rite ana ki tētahi e whakamahia ana i runga i tētahi raina whakarewa UV-whakamaroke. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 3 i tā mātou kaupapa tono, whakamaroke, whakamaroke, me te takai i whakamahia mō tā mātou rangahau. Ko tēnei kaupapa whakamaroke e tohu ana i te pikinga i waenga i te 50% ki te 60% o te tere raina whānui i runga ake i te paerewa mākete o nāianei i roto i ngā tono mahi whakairo me ngā mahi kāpata.
PIKITIA 3 | Te wātaka tono, whakamaroke, whakamaroke, me te tākai.
Kei raro nei ngā tikanga tono me ngā tikanga whakamaroke i whakamahia e mātou mō tā mātou rangahau:
●Pūhia he paninga pango ki runga i te papa māpere.
●Uira pāmahana rūma 30-hekona.
●Ouma whakamaroke 140 °F mō te 2.5 meneti (ouma kawekawe).
●Te rongoā UV – te kaha tata ki te 800 mJ/cm2.
- I whakamaroketia ngā paninga mārama mā te whakamahi i te rama Hg.
- I whakamaroketia ngā paninga tae mā te whakamahi i te rama Hg/Ga whakakotahi.
●Whakamataohia kia 1 meneti i mua i te whakarārangi.
Mō tā mātou rangahau i rehuhia e mātou kia toru ngā matotoru kiriata mākū rerekē kia kitea ai mēnā ka puta mai ētahi atu painga pēnei i te iti o ngā paninga. 4 mils mākū te mea noa mō te WB UV. Mō tēnei rangahau i whakaurua hoki e mātou kia 6 me te 8 mils ngā paninga mākū.
Ngā Hua Whakaora
Ko te Paerewa #1, he paninga mārama kanapa-teitei, e whakaatuhia ana ngā hua i te Pikitia 4. I pania te paninga mārama WB UV ki te papa muka matotoru-waenga (MDF) i pania i mua ki te paninga turanga pango, ā, i whakamaroketia kia rite ki te kaupapa i whakaaturia i te Pikitia 3. I te 4 mils mākū ka pahemo te paninga. Heoi, i te 6 me te 8 mils paninga mākū ka pakaru te paninga, ā, i ngāwari te tango i te 8 mils nā te korenga o te tukunga wai i mua i te whakamaroketia UV.
PIKITIA 4 | Paerewa #1.
Ka kitea anō hoki tētahi hua ōrite i te Paerewa #2, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 5.
PIKITIA 5 | Paerewa #2.
E whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 6, mā te whakamahi i te kaupapa whakamaroke rite tonu ki te Pikitia 3, i whakaatu te PUD #65215A i te whakapainga nui o te tukunga/whakamaroke wai. I te matotoru o te kiriata mākū 8 mils, i kitea he pakaru iti i te taha o raro o te tauira.
AHUA 6 | PUD #65215A.
I arotakehia ētahi atu whakamātautau o te PUD# 65215A i roto i tētahi paninga mārama iti-kanapa me te paninga tae i runga i te MDF kotahi me te paninga turanga pango hei aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga tuku wai i roto i ētahi atu whakatakotoranga paninga noa. E ai ki te whakaaturanga i te Pikitia 7, i tukuna e te whakatakotoranga iti-kanapa i te 5 me te 7 maero mākū te wai, ā, i hangaia he kiriata pai. Heoi, i te 10 maero mākū, he matotoru rawa ki te tuku i te wai i raro i te wātaka whakamaroke me te whakamaroke i te Pikitia 3.
PIKITIA 7 | PUD kanapa-iti #65215A.
I roto i tētahi tauira mā te tae, i pai te mahi a te PUD #65215A i roto i te wātaka whakamaroke me te whakamaroke i whakaahuatia i te Pikitia 3, engari i te wā i whakamahia ai i te 8 mil mākū. E ai ki te Pikitia 8, ka pakaru te kiriata i te 8 mil nā te korenga o te tukunga wai. I te nuinga o te wā, i roto i ngā tauira mārama, iti-kanapa, me te tae, i pai te mahi a te PUD# 65215A i roto i ngā hanganga kiriata me te whakamaroke i te wā i whakamahia ai tae atu ki te 7 mil mākū me te whakamaroke i te wātaka whakamaroke me te whakamaroke tere i whakaahuatia i te Pikitia 3.
AHUA 8 | PUD Piko #65215A.
Ngā Hua Ārai
Ko te ātete ārai ko te kaha o te paninga ki te kore e piri ki tētahi atu mea pania ina whakatakotoria. I roto i te hangahanga he arai tēnei mena ka roa te wā kia tutuki ai te ātete poraka i te paninga kua whakamaroketia. Mō tēnei rangahau, i pania ngā whakatakotoranga tae o te Paerewa #1 me te PUD #65215A ki te karāhe i te 5 mils mā te whakamahi i te pae tango. I whakamaroketia ēnei i ia mea i runga i te kaupapa whakamaroketia i te Pikitia 3. E rua ngā panera karāhe pania i whakamaroketia i te wā kotahi – 4 meneti i muri i te whakamaroketia ka piri tahi ngā panera, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 9. I noho piri tahi rāua i te pāmahana rūma mō ngā haora 24. Mena i ngāwari te wehe i ngā panera me te kore he tohu, he kino rānei ki ngā panera pania, kātahi ka kiia he paahi te whakamātautau.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 10 i te ātete aukati kua pai ake o te PUD# 65215A. Ahakoa i tutuki i te Paerewa #1 me te PUD #65215A te whakaoranga katoa i te whakamātautau o mua, ko te PUD #65215A anake i whakaatu i te tukunga wai me te whakaoranga i te nui hei whakatutuki i te ātete aukati.
PIKITIA 9 | Whakaahua whakamātautau ātete aukati.
PIKITIA 10 | Te ātete ārai o te Paerewa #1, ā, whai muri ko te PUD #65215A.
Ngā Hua o te Whakaranu Kiriaku
He maha ngā wā ka whakaranua e ngā kaihanga paninga ngā kapia WB UV-curable me ngā kapia kiriaku hei whakaiti i te utu. Mō tā mātou rangahau i tirohia anō hoki te whakaranu i te PUD#65215A me te NeoCryl® XK-12, he kapia wai-pūmau, e whakamahia ana hei hoa whakaranu mō ngā PUD wai-pūmau UV-curable i roto i te mākete whakairo me te kāpata. Mō tēnei mākete, ko te whakamātautau tae KCMA te paerewa. I runga i te whakamahinga whakamutunga, ka nui ake te hiranga o ētahi matū i ētahi atu mō te kaihanga o te taonga paninga. Ko te whakatauranga 5 te mea pai rawa atu, ā, ko te whakatauranga 1 te mea kino rawa atu.
E ai ki te Ripanga 3, he tino pai te mahi a te PUD #65215A i roto i te whakamātautau tae KCMA hei paninga kanapa-nui, kanapa-iti, me te paninga tae. Ahakoa i konatunatua 1:1 ki te kiriaku, kāore te whakamātautau tae KCMA i tino pāngia. Ahakoa i roto i te whakakoi me ngā kaihoko pēnei i te māti, i hoki te paninga ki te taumata e tika ana i muri i ngā haora 24.
RIPANGA 3 | Ātete matū me te ātete ki te paru (ko te whakatauranga 5 te mea pai rawa atu).
Haunga te whakamātautau tae KCMA, ka whakamātautauhia hoki e ngā kaihanga te whakamaroke i muri tonu i te whakamaroketanga o te UV i waho o te raina. He maha ngā wā ka kitea tonutia ngā pānga o te whakaranu kiriaku i waho o te raina whakamaroke i roto i tēnei whakamātautau. Ko te tumanako kia kaua e pakaru te paninga i muri i te 20 paninga takirua o te waipiro isopropyl (20 IPA dr). Ka whakamatautauria ngā tauira i te 1 meneti i muri i te whakamaroketanga UV. I roto i ā mātou whakamātautau i kite mātou kāore i paahitia e te ranunga 1:1 o te PUD# 65215A me te kiriaku tēnei whakamātautau. Heoi, i kite mātou ka taea te whakaranu i te PUD #65215A ki te 25% NeoCryl XK-12 kiriaku, ā, ka paahitia tonutia e te whakamātautau 20 IPA dr (he tohu hokohoko rēhita a NeoCryl nā te rōpū Covestro).
PIKITIA 11 | 20 IPA paninga takirua, 1 meneti i muri i te whakamaroke UV.
Te Pūmautanga o te Resin
I whakamātauria hoki te pumau o te PUD #65215A. E kiia ana he pumau te hanganga mēnā i muri i ngā wiki e 4 i te 40 °C, kāore te pH e heke iho i raro i te 7, ā, ka mau tonu te matotoru ina whakaritea ki te tīmatanga. Mō ā mātou whakamātautau i whakatau mātou ki te tuku i ngā tauira ki ngā āhuatanga uaua ake tae atu ki te 6 wiki i te 50 °C. I ēnei āhuatanga, kāore i pumau te Paerewa #1 me te #2.
Mō ā mātou whakamātautau, i tirohia e mātou te kanapa-nui, te kanapa-iti, me ngā whakatakotoranga tae kanapa-iti i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau. E ai ki te Pikitia 12, i noho pumau te pumau pH o ngā whakatakotoranga e toru, ā, i runga ake i te paepae pH 7.0. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 13 i te panonitanga matotoru iti rawa i muri i ngā wiki e 6 i te 50 °C.
PIKITIA 12 | te pumau o te pH o te PUD #65215A kua hangaia.
PIKITIA 13 | Te pumau o te matotoru o te PUD #65215A kua hangaia.
Ko tētahi atu whakamātautau e whakaatu ana i te pumau o te PUD #65215A ko te whakamātautau anō i te ātete ki te tae KCMA o tētahi hanganga paninga kua pakeketia mō ngā wiki e 6 i te 50 °C, me te whakarite i tēnā ki tōna ātete ki te tae KCMA tuatahi. Ko ngā paninga kāore e whakaatu i te pumau pai ka heke te mahi paninga. E ai ki te Pikitia 14, i mau tonu te taumata mahi a te PUD# 65215A ki tōna taumata i te whakamātautau ātete matū/tae tuatahi o te paninga tae e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 3.
PIKITIA 14 | Ngā papa whakamātautau matū mō te PUD tae #65215A.
Ngā Whakatau
Mō ngā taputapu paninga wai-whakamaroke UV, mā te PUD #65215A ka taea e rātou te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa mahi o nāianei i roto i ngā mākete whakairo rakau, rakau me te kāpata, ā, hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e te tukanga paninga te kite i ngā whakapainga tere raina ki te neke atu i te 50-60% i runga ake i ngā paninga wai-whakamaroke UV paerewa o nāianei. Mō te taputapu paninga, ko te tikanga pea tēnei:
●Te tere ake o te whakaputanga;
●Mā te matotoru o te kiriata ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā paninga tāpiri;
●He poto ake ngā rārangi whakamaroke;
●Te penapena pūngao nā te mea kua iti ake te hiahia ki te whakamaroke;
●He iti ake ngā para nā te tere o te ārai i te ātete;
●Kua whakaitihia te para o te paninga nā te pumau o te kapia.
Me ngā VOC kei raro iho i te 100 karamu/rita, ka kaha ake ngā kaihanga ki te whakatutuki i ā rātou whāinga VOC. Mō ngā kaihanga e āwangawanga ana pea ki te whakawhānui ake nā ngā take whakaaetanga, mā te PUD #65215A tuku-tere-wai ka taea e rātou te whakatutuki ngāwari ake i ā rātou herenga ture me te kore e whakararu i te mahi.
I te tīmatanga o tēnei tuhinga, i kōrero mātou mai i ā mātou uiuinga, ko ngā taputapu whakamahi i ngā rauemi UV-whakaora whakarewa ka maroke, ka whakamaroke i ngā paninga i roto i tētahi tukanga e 3-5 meneti te roa. Kua whakaaturia e mātou i roto i tēnei rangahau, e ai ki te tukanga e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3, ka taea e te PUD #65215A te whakamaroke tae atu ki te 7 mils te matotoru o te kiriata mākū i roto i te 4 meneti me te pāmahana oumu o te 140 °C. Kei roto tonu tēnei i te matapihi o te nuinga o ngā paninga UV-whakaora whakarewa. Tērā pea ka taea e te PUD #65215A te whakahohe i ngā taputapu whakamahi o nāianei o ngā rauemi UV-whakaora whakarewa ki te huri ki tētahi rauemi UV-whakaora wai me te iti o te huringa ki tā rātou raina paninga.
Mō ngā kaihanga e whakaaro ana ki te whakawhānui i te whakaputanga, mā ngā paninga e hangai ana ki te PUD #65215A rātou e āhei ai ki te:
●Penapenahia te moni mā te whakamahi i tētahi raina paninga wai poto ake;
●Kia iti ake te tapuwae raina paninga i roto i te whare;
●Kia iti ake te pānga ki te whakaaetanga VOC o nāianei;
●Ka penapena pūngao nā te mea ka iti ake te hiahia ki te whakamaroke.
Hei whakamutunga, ka āwhina te PUD #65215A ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te hanga o ngā raina paninga UV-whakaora mā te mahi ā-tinana teitei me ngā āhuatanga tuku wai tere o te kapia ina maroke i te 140 °C.
Wā tuku: 14 o Ākuhata 2024
