nā Michael Kelly, Allied PhotoChemical, me David Hagood, Finishing Technology Solutions
Whakaarohia te kaha ki te whakakore i te nuinga o ngā VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) i roto i te tukanga hanga paipa me te ngongo, e rite ana ki te 10,000 pauna o ngā VOC ia tau. Whakaarohia hoki te whakaputa i ngā tere tere ake me te nui ake o te putanga me te iti ake o te utu mō ia wāhanga / putu raina.
He mea nui ngā tukanga hanga pumau hei ārahi i te whai huatanga me te arotautanga o te hanga i roto i te mākete o Amerika Te Raki. He maha ngā huarahi e taea ai te ine i te pumau:
Te whakaiti i te VOC
Te iti ake o te whakamahinga pūngao
Te hunga mahi kua arotauhia
He tere ake te whakaputanga (he nui ake, he iti iho)
Te whakamahinga pai ake o te whakapaipai
Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā huinga o ngā mea o runga ake nei
Nō nā tata nei, i whakatinanahia e tētahi kaihanga ngongo matua tētahi rautaki hou mō āna mahi paninga. Ko ngā papa paninga o mua a te kaihanga he mea hanga ki te wai, he nui ngā VOC, ā, he mura hoki. Ko te papa paninga pumau i whakatinanahia he hangarau paninga ultraviolet (UV) totoka 100%. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakarāpopototia te raruraru tuatahi a te kiritaki, te tukanga paninga UV, ngā whakapainga tukanga whānui, ngā penapena utu me te whakaiti i te VOC.
Ngā Mahi Paninga i roto i te Hanga Ngongo
I whakamahia e te kaihanga he tukanga paninga wai i waiho he raruraru, e whakaaturia ana i ngā Whakaahua 1a me te 1b. Ehara i te mea ko ngā rauemi paninga anake i maumauria i te tukanga, engari i hangaia hoki he tūponotanga ki te papa o te toa i piki ake ai te pānga o te VOC me te tūponotanga ahi. Hei tāpiri, i hiahia te kiritaki kia pai ake te mahi paninga ina whakaritea ki te mahi paninga wai o nāianei.
Ahakoa he tokomaha ngā tohunga ahumahi e whakarite tika ana i ngā paninga wai ki ngā paninga UV, ehara tēnei i te whakataurite pono, ā, ka taea te whakapohehe. Ko te paninga UV tuturu he wāhanga iti noa iho o te tukanga paninga UV.
Pikitia 1. Te tukanga whakauru kaupapa
He Tukanga te UV
He tukanga te UV e tuku ana i ngā painga nui ki te taiao, ngā whakapainga tukanga whānui, te whakapai ake i te mahi hua, āe, ngā penapena mō ia paninga waewae raina. Hei whakatinana angitu i tētahi kaupapa paninga UV, me titiro ki te UV hei tukanga me ngā wāhanga matua e toru - 1) te kiritaki, 2) te kaiwhakauru taputapu tono me te whakaora UV, me te 3) te hoa hangarau paninga.
He mea nui ēnei e toru mō te angitu o te whakamahere me te whakatinanatanga o tētahi pūnaha paninga UV. Nō reira, me titiro tātou ki te tukanga whakauru kaupapa whānui (Pikitia 1). I te nuinga o te wā, ko te hoa hangarau paninga UV te kaiārahi i tēnei mahi.
Ko te mea nui ki tētahi kaupapa angitu ko te whai i ngā kaupae whakauru kua tautuhia mārama, me te ngāwari kua whakauruhia, me te kaha ki te urutau ki ngā momo kiritaki rerekē me ā rātou tono. Ko ēnei kaupae whakauru e whitu te pūtake mō te whakauru angitu o te kaupapa ki te kiritaki: 1) te matapakinga whānui mō te tukanga; 2) te matapakinga ROI; 3) ngā whakatakotoranga hua; 4) ngā whakatakotoranga tukanga whānui; 5) ngā whakamātautau tauira; 6) RFQ / whakatakotoranga kaupapa whānui; me te 7) te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tonu.
Ka taea te whai i ēnei wāhanga whakauru i runga i te raupapa, ka taea ētahi te tū i te wā kotahi, ka taea rānei te whakawhiti, engari me whakaoti katoa. Mā tēnei ngāwari ā-roto ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te angitu mō ngā kaiuru. I ētahi wā, he pai ake pea te whakamahi i tētahi tohunga tukanga UV hei rauemi whai wheako nui ki te ahumahi i roto i ngā momo hangarau paninga katoa, engari ko te mea nui, he wheako kaha ki ngā tukanga UV. Ka taea e tēnei tohunga te whakatere i ngā take katoa, ā, ka mahi hei rauemi koretake hei aromatawai tika, hei aromatawai tika hoki i ngā hangarau paninga.
Wāhanga 1. Kōrero Whānui mō te Tukanga
Koinei te wāhi e whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tuatahi ai mō te tukanga o nāianei a te kiritaki, me te whakamāramatanga mārama o te whakatakotoranga o nāianei me ngā mea pai/kino. I te nuinga o te wā, me whakatakoto he whakaaetanga kore-whakaaturanga (NDA). Kātahi ka tautuhia ngā whāinga whakapai ake tukanga kua tautuhia mārama. Ka uru atu ki ēnei:
Te Oranga Tonutanga – Te Whakaiti i te VOC
Te whakaiti me te arotau i te mahi
Kounga pai ake
Te tere o te raina kua piki ake
Te whakaiti i te wāhi papa
Arotake i ngā utu pūngao
Te tiaki i te pūnaha paninga – ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana, me ētahi atu.
Muri iho, ka tautuhia ngā inenga motuhake i runga i ēnei whakapainga tukanga kua tautuhia.
Wāhanga 2. Kōrero mō te Whakahokinga-i-te-Haumitanga (ROI)
He mea nui kia mārama ki te ROI mō te kaupapa i ngā wāhanga tuatahi. Ahakoa kāore e hiahiatia kia rite te taumata o ngā taipitopito ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaaetanga kaupapa, me mārama te whakarāpopototanga o ngā utu o nāianei ki te kiritaki. Me uru atu ki ēnei te utu mō ia hua, mō ia putu rārangi, me ētahi atu; ngā utu pūngao; ngā utu rawa hinengaro (IP); ngā utu kounga; ngā utu kaiwhakahaere/tiaki; ngā utu pumau; me te utu whakapaipai. (Mō te urunga atu ki ngā tātaitai ROI, tirohia te mutunga o tēnei tuhinga.)
Wāhanga 3. Kōrero mō ngā Whakatakotoranga Hua
Pērā i ngā hua katoa e hangaia ana i ēnei rā, kua tautuhia ngā whakatakotoranga taketake o te hua i roto i ngā kōrerorero kaupapa tuatahi. Mō ngā tono paninga, kua whanake haere ēnei whakatakotoranga hua i roto i te wā kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia whakaputa, ā, i te nuinga o te wā kāore e tutukihia ana e te tukanga paninga o nāianei a te kiritaki. Ka kiia e mātou ko "ināianei vs. āpōpō". He mahi taurite i waenga i te mārama ki ngā whakatakotoranga hua o nāianei (tērā pea kāore e tutukihia ana e te paninga o nāianei) me te tautuhi i ngā hiahia ā meake nei he mea tūturu (he mahi taurite tonu tēnei).
Wāhanga 4. Ngā Whakatakotoranga Tukanga Whānui
Pikitia 2. Ngā whakapainga tukanga e wātea ana ina neke mai i te tukanga paninga wai ki te tukanga paninga UV
Me mārama katoa te kiritaki ki te tukanga o nāianei, me te tautuhi hoki i ngā āhuatanga pai me ngā āhuatanga kino o ngā mahi o nāianei. He mea nui tēnei kia mārama te kaiwhakauru pūnaha UV, kia taea ai te whakaaro ki ngā mea e pai ana te haere me ngā mea kāore i te pai i roto i te hoahoa o te pūnaha UV hou. Koinei te wāhi e tukuna ai e te tukanga UV ngā painga nui, tae atu ki te tere ake o te paninga, te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga mō te wāhi papa, me te whakaiti i te pāmahana me te haumākū (tirohia te Pikitia 2). He tino taunakihia te toro tahi ki te whare hanga o te kiritaki, ā, he anga pai tēnei hei mārama ki ngā hiahia me ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki.
Wāhanga 5. Whakaaturanga me ngā Whakamātautau
Me toro atu hoki te kiritaki me te kaiwhakauru pūnaha UV ki te whare kaiwhakarato paninga kia taea ai e te katoa te whai wāhi ki te whakatauira i te tukanga paninga UV a te kiritaki. I tēnei wā, ka puta ake he maha ngā whakaaro me ngā whakaaro hou i te wā e whakahaerehia ana ngā mahi e whai ake nei:
Te whakatauira, ngā tauira me te whakamātautau
Paearu mā te whakamātautau i ngā hua paninga whakataetae
Arotakehia ngā mahi pai rawa atu
Arotakehia ngā tukanga tiwhikete kounga
Tūtaki ki ngā kaiwhakauru UV
Te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere mahi taipitopito mō te haere whakamua
Wāhanga 6. RFQ / Whakatakotoranga Kaupapa Whānui
Me whakauru ki te tuhinga RFQ a te kiritaki ngā mōhiohio me ngā whakaritenga katoa e tika ana mō te mahi paninga UV hou e ai ki ngā kōrero o te tukanga. Me whakauru ki te tuhinga ngā mahi pai rawa atu kua tautuhia e te kamupene hangarau paninga UV, tae atu ki te whakamahana i te paninga mā te pūnaha whakamahana kua hipokina ki te wai tae noa ki te pito o te pū; te whakamahana me te whakaoho i roto i te putea; me ngā tauine hei ine i te whakamahinga o te paninga.
Wāhanga 7. Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Tonu
He mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te kiritaki, te kaiwhakauru UV me te kamupene paninga UV, ā, me whakatenatena. Nā te hangarau o ēnei rā, he tino watea te whakarite me te whai wāhi atu ki ngā waea Zoom/huihuinga auau. Kaua e ohorere ina tāutahia ngā taputapu, ngā pūnaha UV rānei.
Ngā Hua i Whakatutukihia e te Kaihanga Paipa
Ko tētahi wāhanga nui hei whakaaroaro mā te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whai i ngā mahi paninga UV ko te penapena moni whānui. I tēnei wā, i kitea e te kaihanga he penapena moni i roto i ētahi wāhanga, tae atu ki ngā utu pūngao, ngā utu mahi me ngā mea e pau ana mō te paninga.
Ngā Utu Pūngao – Te Whakamahana UV e whakamahia ana e te ngaruiti me te Whakamahana Ārai
I roto i ngā pūnaha paninga wai noa, me whakamahana te ngongo i mua, i muri rānei i te whakamahana. He utu nui ngā whakamahana whakamahana, he nui te kaha e whakamahia ana, ā, he nui ngā raruraru tiaki. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakamahinga o te kaha whakamahana whakamahana e hiahiatia ana he 200 kw, he 200 kw te nui, ki te 90 kw e whakamahia ana e ngā rama UV ngaruiti.
Ripanga 1. Ngā penapena utu neke atu i te 100 kw/haora mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha ngaruiti UV 10-rama, ki te whakataurite ki te pūnaha whakamahana hiko.
E ai ki te Ripanga 1, i kitea e te kaihanga paipa he penapena neke atu i te 100 kW ia hāora i muri i te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau paninga UV, me te whakaiti i ngā utu pūngao neke atu i te $71,000 ia tau.
Pikitia 3. Whakaahua o ngā penapena utu hiko ā-tau
I whakatauhia ngā penapena utu mō tēnei whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao i runga i te whakatau tata o te utu hiko he 14.33 hēneti/kWh. Ko te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao 100 kw/haora, i tatauhia i roto i ngā huringa e rua mō te 50 wiki ia tau (e rima ngā rā ia wiki, 20 hāora ia huringa), ka hua ake he penapena $71,650 e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3.
Te Whakaiti i ngā Utu Mahi – Ngā Kaiwhakahaere me te Tiaki
I a ngā hinonga hanga e arotake tonu ana i ā rātou utu mahi, ka tukuna e te tukanga UV he penapena ahurei e pā ana ki ngā haora mahi a te kaiwhakahaere me te tiaki. Mā ngā paninga wai, ka taea e te paninga mākū te totoka i raro i te wai ki runga i ngā taputapu whakahaere rauemi, ā, me tango atu i te mutunga.
E 28 hāora ia wiki i pau i ngā kaiwhakahaere o te whare hanga ki te tango/horoi i te paninga wai mai i ā rātou taputapu whakahaere rauemi.
Haunga ngā penapena utu (e 28 ngā hāora mahi e whakatau tata ana x $36 [utu taumaha] ia hāora = $1,008.00 ia wiki, $50,400 rānei ia tau), ka taea e ngā mahi ā-tinana te whakarihariha, te whakapau wā, me te tino morearea.
I arotahi te kiritaki ki te horoi i ngā paninga mō ia hauwhā, me te utu mahi o te $1,900 mō ia hauwhā, me ngā utu tango paninga i puta, mō te tapeke o te $2,500. Ko te tapeke penapena ia tau i rite ki te $10,000.
Ngā Penapena Paninga – Wai-tū, UV rānei
Ko te nui o te paipa i hangaia i te pae kiritaki he 12,000 tāne ia marama, he paipa 9.625-inihi te whānui. I runga i te whakarāpopototanga, e rite ana tēnei ki te 570,000 putu rārangi / ~ 12,700 ngā wahi. Ko te tukanga tono mō te hangarau paninga UV hou i uru atu ki ngā pū rehu nui-rahi/pēhanga-iti me te matotoru whāinga noa o te 1.5 mil. I oti te whakamaroke mā te whakamahi i ngā rama ngaruiti UV a Heraeus. Kua whakarāpopototia ngā penapena i roto i ngā utu paninga me ngā utu kawe/whakahaere ā-roto ki ngā Ripanga 2 me te 3.
Ripanga 2. Te whakataurite i te utu paninga – ngā paninga UV me ngā paninga wai mō ia putu rārangi
Ripanga 3. Ngā penapena tāpiri mai i te iti o ngā utu kawe me te iti o te whakahaere rauemi i te papaanga
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu rauemi me te mahi, me te whakapiki ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga.
Ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā paninga UV (kāore ngā paninga wai), ā, e 96% pea te iti rawa o te whai huatanga.
Ka iti ake te wā e pau ana i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te horoi me te tiaki i ngā taputapu tono nā te mea kāore te paninga UV e maroke mēnā kāore e pāngia e te pūngao UV kaha rawa.
He tere ake ngā tere whakaputa, ā, kei te kiritaki te kaha ki te whakapiki ake i ngā tere whakaputa mai i te 100 putu ia meneti ki te 150 putu ia meneti – he pikinga tēnei mā te 50%.
Ko te tikanga, he huringa horoi kei roto i ngā taputapu tukatuka UV, e aroturukitia ana, e whakaritea ana hoki e ngā hāora o te whakaputanga. Ka taea te whakarerekē i tēnei kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki, ā, ka iti ake te tangata e hiahiatia ana mō te horoi pūnaha.
I tēnei tauira, i kitea e te kiritaki he penapena utu o te $1,277,400 ia tau.
Te whakaiti i te VOC
I whakaitihia hoki ngā VOC e te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau paninga UV, e kitea ana i te Pikitia 4.
Pikitia 4. Te whakaiti i te VOC hei hua o te whakatinanatanga o te paninga UV
Whakamutunga
Mā te hangarau paninga UV ka taea e ngā kaihanga paipa te whakakore tata i ngā VOC i roto i ā rātou mahi paninga, me te tuku hoki i tētahi tukanga hanga pumau e whakapai ake ana i te hua me te mahinga hua whānui. Ka āwhina hoki ngā pūnaha paninga UV i ngā penapena utu nui. E ai ki te kōrero i roto i tēnei tuhinga, neke atu i te $1,200,000 te tapeke o ngā penapena a te kiritaki i ia tau, me te whakakore atu i te 154,000 pauna o ngā tukunga VOC.
Mō ētahi atu pārongo me te uru atu ki ngā tātaitai ROI, tirohia te www.alliedphotochemical.com/roi-calculators/. Mō ētahi atu whakapainga tukanga me te tauira tātaitai ROI, tirohia te www.uvebtechnology.com.
PAE TAHA
Tukanga Paninga UV Ngā Painga Tauwhirotanga / Taiao:
Kāore he Matū Waro Pūngāwerewere (VOC)
Kāore he Parahanga Hau Kino (HAP)
Kore-Mumura
Kāore he whakarewa, he wai, he whakakī rānei
Kāore he raruraru whakaputa haumākū, pāmahana rānei
Ngā Whakapainga Tukanga Whānui e Tukuna ana e Ngā Paninga UV:
Ngā tere whakaputa tere ake i te 800 ki te 900 putu ia meneti, i runga i te rahi o te hua
He tapuwae iti iho i te 35 putu (roa rārangi)
Te iti rawa o te mahi-i-te-whakahaere
Maroke tonu, kāore e hiahiatia he whakamaroke i muri i te whakamaroke
Kāore he raruraru paninga mākū i te awa
Kāore he whakarerekētanga paninga mō ngā take pāmahana, haumākū rānei
Kāore he whakahaere/rokiroki motuhake i te wā o te whakawhiti mahi, te tiaki, te kati rānei i te mutunga wiki
Te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi a ngā kaiwhakahaere me te tiaki
Te kaha ki te whakahoki mai i te rehu nui, te tātari anō me te whakauru anō ki te pūnaha paninga
Te Whakapai Ake i te Mahi o te Hua me ngā Paninga UV:
Ngā hua whakamātautau haumākū kua whakapaitia
He hua pai o te whakamātautau kohu tote
Te kaha ki te whakarite i ngā āhuatanga me te tae o te paninga
Kei te wātea ngā paninga mārama, ngā mea whakarewa me ngā tae
He iti ake ngā utu paninga waewae rārangi e whakaaturia ana e te tātaitai ROI:
Wā tuku: Hakihea-14-2023
